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Zvornik

Coordinates: 44°23′3″N 19°6′9″E / 44.38417°N 19.10250°E / 44.38417; 19.10250
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Zvornik
Зворник (Serbian)
City
Grad Zvornik
Град Зворник
City of Zvornik
Downtown Zvornik and Drina River
Downtown Zvornik and Drina River
Flag of Zvornik
Flag
Coat of arms of Zvornik
Coat of arms
Location of Zvornik within Bosnia and Hercegovina
Location of Zvornik within Bosnia and Hercegovina
Location of Zvornik
Coordinates: 44°23′3″N 19°6′9″E / 44.38417°N 19.10250°E / 44.38417; 19.10250
Country Bosnia and Herzegovina
Entity Republika Srpska
Geographical regionPodrinje
Government
 • MayorBojan Ivanović (SNSD)
 • City376.14 km2 (145.23 sq mi)
Elevation
146 m (479 ft)
Population
 (2013 census)
 • Urban
12,674
 • City
58,856
 • City density160/km2 (410/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Area code56
Websitegradzvornik.org

Zvornik (Serbian Cyrillic: Зворник, pronounced [zʋɔ̌rniːk]) is a city in Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. In 2013, it had a population of 58,856 inhabitants. Zvornik is located on the Drina River, on the eastern slopes of Majevica mountain, at the altitude of 146m.[1]

The town of Mali Zvornik ("Little Zvornik") lies directly across the river in Serbia. Kula Grad, a village that is part of Zvornik municipality, has a Middle Age fort, Zvornik fortress, built in the 12th century.

History

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Zvornik is first mentioned in 1410, although it was known as Zvonik ("bell tower") at that time. The town's geographic location has made it an important trade link between Bosnia and the east. For instance, the main road connecting Sarajevo and Belgrade runs through the city. The medieval fort known as Kula grad was built in the early 7th century and still stands on the Mlađevac mountainous range overlooking the Drina Valley.

Ottoman rule

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During the Ottoman period, Zvornik was the capital of the Sanjak of Zvornik (an administrative region) within the Eyalet of Bosnia. This was primarily the case because of the city's crucial role in the economy and the strategic importance of the city's location. The Sanjak of Zvornik was one of six Ottoman sanjaks with most developed shipbuilding (besides the sanjaks of Vidin, Nicopolis, Požega, Smederevo and Mohač).[2] In 1806, Zvornik was home to Mehmed-beg Kulenović.[citation needed]

Stojan Čupić (also known as Zmaj od Noćaja), one of the leaders of the First Serbian Uprising, was captured and murdered by the Turks in Zvornik in 1815. He was initially burried near the road from Zvornik to Tuzla, and his remains were moved to Salaš Noćajski in 1988.[3]

World War II

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Ustasha troops of the fascist Independent State of Croatia occupied Zvornik, along with most of Bosnia, in April 1941. The town was liberated in July 1943 by the 1st Proletarian Brigade during the Battle of Zvornik.[citation needed]

Bosnian war

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Main article: Zvornik massacre

During the Bosnian War (1992–1995) Zvornik's Bosniak population was expelled. The military attack of paramilitary groups that came from Serbia on Zvornik Bosniaks commenced on 8 April 1992.[4] During April 1992, many European news stations daily reported Serb armed attacks and mass killings of the Bosniak population of Zvornik and the surrounding villages.[5]

On 19 May 1992, combined JNA, Serb paramilitary and Arkan's Tigers took control of Zvornik and Mali Zvornik.[4] The suburbs of Karakaj and Čelopek were places of prisons where hundreds of local Bosniaks were killed. The remaining Bosniaks and non-Serbs were relegated to concentration camps and detention facilities throughout the area.[4] During the war Serb forces destroyed mosques in and around the city.[citation needed]

  • Zvornik Fortress
    Zvornik Fortress
  • Photograph of Stećci in Zvornik
    Photograph of Stećci in Zvornik
  • Zvornik in 1897
    Zvornik in 1897
  • Local policemen and US military personnel on their way to check a post-Dayton resettlement effort
    Local policemen and US military personnel on their way to check a post-Dayton resettlement effort

Settlements

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Aside from the city proper area of Zvornik, the municipality comprises the following settlements:

Zvornik municipality by population proportional to the settlement with the highest and lowest population
Cityscape of Zvornik
City assembly building

Demographics

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Population

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Population of settlements – Zvornik municipality
Settlement 1879 1885 1895 1910 1921 1931 1948 1953 1961 1971 1981 1991 2013
Total 27,468 34,949 38,986 47,756 47,233 47,326 50,011 53,639 60,910 60,910 73,845 81,295 58,856
1 Androvići 319 291
2 Boškovići 583 566
3 Branjevo 2,694
4 Buložani 241 304
5 Čelopek 1,896 1,801
6 Cer 426
7 Đevanje 340 279
8 Divič 1,388 637
9 Donja Kamenica 1,391 974
10 Donja Pilica 1,304 1,176
11 Donji Lokanj 1,407 1,100
12 Donji Šepak 449 379
13 Dugi Dio 342 296
14 Đulići 1,043 697
15 Ekonomija 1,366
16 Glodi 1,260 759
17 Glumina 2,399 993
18 Gornja Kamenica 1,609 622
19 Gornja Pilica 1,104 816
20 Gornje Snagovo 1,238 842
21 Gornji Grbavci 939 962
22 Gornji Lokanj 901 658
23 Gornji Šepak 1,964 895
24 Grbavci Donji 1,058 363
25 Jardan 1,532 563
26 Jasenica 950 877
27 Jošanica 340
28 Jusići 500 275
29 Karakaj 2,731
30 Kiseljak 580 335
31 Kitovnice 621 422
32 Klisa 617 325
33 Kostijerevo 1,230 506
34 Kozluk 3,017 1,543
35 Križevići 2,310 1,888
36 Kučić Kula 970 366
37 Kula Grad 1,120 571
38 Liplje 422
39 Malešić 736 398
40 Novo Selo 1,262 622
41 Oraovac 674
42 Pađine 560 519
43 Petkovci 877 329
44 Potočani 344 229
45 Roćević 1,235 1,220
46 Samari 230
47 Šetići 741 489
48 Srednji Šepak 312
49 Tabanci 1,180 848
50 Trnovica 1,033 659
51 Tršić 2,097 1,744
52 Ugljari 609 345
53 Ulice 1,795
54 Zelinje 529 397
55 Zvornik 4,320 7,483 5.444 8,538 12,147 14,584 12,674

Ethnic composition

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Ethnic composition – Zvornik city
1971 1981 1991 2013
Total 8,538 12,147 14,584 12,674
Bosniaks 5,736 (67.18%) 6,686 (55.04%) 8,854 (60.71%)
Serbs 2,424 (28.39%) 3,491 (28.74%) 4,235 (29.04%)
Yugoslavs 24 (0.281%) 1,597 (13.15%) 944 (6.473%)
Others 141 (1.651%) 72 (0.593%) 475 (3.257%)
Croats 83 (0.972%) 66 (0.543%) 76 (0.521%)
Roma 49 (0.574%) 135 (1.111%)
Albanians 26 (0.305%) 48 (0.395%)
Montenegrins 27 (0.316%) 35 (0.288%)
Slovenes 16 (0.187%) 7 (0.058%)
Macedonians 3 (0.035%) 6 (0.049%)
Hungarians 9 (0.105%) 4 (0.033%)
Ethnic composition – Zvornik municipality
1971 1981 1991 2013
Total 60,910 73,845 81,295 58,856
Serbs 27,769 (45.59%) 30,064 (40.71%) 30,863 (37.96%) 38,579 (65.55%)
Bosniaks 32,504 (53.36%) 40,801 (55.,25%) 48,102 (59.17%) 19,855 (33.73%)
Others 316 (0.519%) 295 (0.399%) 960 (1.181%) 316 (0.537%)
Croats 107 (0.176%) 104 (0.141%) 122 (0.150%) 106 (0.180%)
Yugoslavs 49 (0.080%) 2,110 (2.857%) 1,248 (1.535%)
Roma 49 (0.080%) 335 (0.454%)
Albanians 31 (0.051%) 58 (0.079%)
Montenegrins 44 (0.072%) 47 (0.064%)
Macedonians 10 (0.016%) 12 (0.016%)
Slovenes 18 (0.030%) 12 (0.016%)
Hungarians 13 (0.021%) 7 (0.009%)

Economy

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King Alexander I of Yugoslavia bridge
Zvornik Lake

The table shows the number of registered people employed in legal entities by their core activity in 2018:[6]

Activity Total
Agriculture, forestry and fishing 80
Mining and quarrying 19
Manufacturing 3,176
Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply 186
Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities 173
Construction 665
Wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles 1,444
Transportation and storage 603
Accommodation and food services 415
Information and communication 105
Financial and insurance activities 103
Real estate activities 12
Professional, scientific and technical activities 114
Administrative and support service activities 28
Public administration and defense; compulsory social security 688
Education 801
Human health and social work activities 665
Arts, entertainment and recreation 76
Other service activities 126
Total 9,479

Culture

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City museum and library
Church of Saint Petka
City stadium

The Cultural Summer of Zvornik (Zvorničko kulturno ljeto) is an annual event held in the first week of August, usually for six days. Its main objective is to become a traditional cultural event which will open the doors of Zvornik for recognized cultural values.

The festival was first held in August 2001 as a local event and has grown to be one of the biggest festivals in the Balkans.

In 2007, famous singers such as Neda Ukraden and Sandi Cenov participated, but in 2008 theis festival featured some of the most notable stars from former Yugoslavia, like Željko Joksimović, Hari Mata Hari, Van Gogh and Marinko Rokvić. There is also a regatta on the river Drina, a fun marathon and many cultural events and competitions during day and night.[7]

International co-operation

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Zvornik is twinned with:

Other friendships and cooperations, protocols, memorandums:

Sport

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The local football clubs, FK Drina Zvornik and ŽFK Drina Zvornik, play in the First League of the Republika Srpska.[10] Members of the First league of Republika Srpska also are volleyball and handball clubs Zvornik.

Notable people

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See also

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References

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  • Official results from the book: Ethnic composition of Bosnia-Herzegovina population, by municipalities and settlements, 1991. census, Zavod za statistiku Bosne i Hercegovine - Bilten no.234, Sarajevo 1991.
  1. ^ "Osnovne informacije – Turistička organizacija grada Zvornik" (in Bosnian). Retrieved 2024-09-07.
  2. ^ Godis̆njak grada Beograda. Beogradske novine. 1979. p. 35. Retrieved 7 September 2013 – via Google Books. Ипак градња бродова се посебно везивала за шест санџака: никопољски, видински, смедеревски, зворнички, пожешки и мохачки.
  3. ^ "Zmaj od noćaja – Turistička organizacija grada Zvornik" (in Bosnian). Retrieved 2024-09-07.
  4. ^ a b c UN report on Zvornik Archived 10 September 2010 at the Wayback Machine
  5. ^ ""One of the biggest" mass graves found in Bosnia". BBC News. 8 October 1998. Retrieved 11 September 2016.
  6. ^ "Cities and Municipalities of Republika Srpska" (PDF). rzs.rs.ba. Republika Srspka Institute of Statistics. 25 December 2019. Retrieved 31 December 2019.
  7. ^ "Zvornik's summer – Turistička organizacija grada Zvornik". zvornikturizam.org. Turistička organizacija grada Zvornika. Retrieved 19 January 2018.
  8. ^ "Zvornik odlučio da se pobratimi sa Sremskom Mitrovicom". Nadlanu (in Serbian). 30 September 2013. Retrieved 19 January 2021.
  9. ^ "СПОРАЗУМ О САРАДЊИ ЗВОРНИКА И КОЉЧУГИНА | СРНА". www.srna.rs. Retrieved 19 January 2021.
  10. ^ First league of RS 2017/18
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