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Painswick

Coordinates: 51°47′10″N 2°11′38″W / 51.786°N 2.194°W / 51.786; -2.194
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Painswick
Painswick from Longridge
Painswick is located in Gloucestershire
Painswick
Painswick
Location within Gloucestershire
Population3,026 [1]
OS grid referenceSO866098
Civil parish
  • Painswick
District
Shire county
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townStroud
Postcode districtGL6
Dialling code01452
PoliceGloucestershire
FireGloucestershire
AmbulanceSouth Western
UK Parliament
List of places
UK
England
Gloucestershire
51°47′10″N 2°11′38″W / 51.786°N 2.194°W / 51.786; -2.194

Painswick is a town and civil parish in the Stroud District in Gloucestershire, England. Originally the town grew from the wool trade, but it is now best known for its parish church's yew trees and the local Rococo Garden. The village is mainly constructed of locally quarried Cotswold stone. Many of the buildings feature south-facing attic rooms once used as weavers' workshops.

Painswick stands on a hill overlooking one of the Five Valleys, between Stroud and Gloucester. It has narrow streets and traditional architecture.

It has a cricket and rugby team and there is a golf course on the outskirts of the town. Painswick Beacon is in the nearby hills.

History

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Painswick Town Hall (the building projected forward in the centre of the picture)

There is evidence of settlement in the area as long ago as the Iron Age. This can be seen in Kimsbury hill fort, a defensive earthwork on nearby Painswick Beacon, which has wide views across the Severn Vale. A Roman villa was built just to the north of the present village,[2] dated by Welbore St Clair Baddeley to the late second century.[3] The local monastery, Prinknash Abbey, was established in the 11th century. Painswick itself first appears in historical records in the Domesday Book of 1086, as Wiche, 'dairy-farm'. It continues to appear by this name into the 13th century. The form Painswik first appears in 1237, but must originate in the name of an earlier lord of the manor, Pain Fitzjohn (d. 1137). Pain was a common Anglo-Norman name (itself originating in paiën, Latin paganus, 'heathen').[4]

During the first English Civil War (1642–45) Gloucester was a Parliamentarian stronghold of some strategic importance, but it was surrounded by forces loyal to King Charles I. After the siege of Gloucester was broken on 5 September 1643, the Royalist army, which had been surrounding the city, encamped overnight at Painswick, with the king staying at Court House.[5][6] Some damage was caused by the troops and a scar from two small cannonballs can still be seen on the tower of St. Mary's parish church.

Painswick House dates from the 1730s and is the home of Baron Dickinson. Its Rococo Garden was laid out in the 1740s by Benjamin Hyett.[7]

Government

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For the purposes of local government, the civil parish of Painswick includes the neighbouring villages of Edge, Paradise, Sheepscombe and Slad. The civil parish forms part of the district of Stroud and the county of Gloucestershire.[8] An electoral ward in the same name exists. This stretches beyond the confines of the civil parish. The total ward population taken at the 2011 Census was 4,158.[9] Painswick Parish Council is based at Painswick Town Hall.[10]

For parliamentary purposes, Painswick is within the UK constituency of Stroud. Prior to Brexit in 2020, it was in the European constituency of South West England.[8]

Parish church

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Other churches and chapels

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Local traditions

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Painswick Beacon, and part of the view from it. The Severn Vale can be seen in the background.

On the first Sunday after 19 September, there has been an annual festival called "Feast Sunday". Three customs were historically followed: feasting, drinking and disorderly conduct; clipping the church; and eating "dog pie". The ceremony known as "clipping the church" involves mostly children, but also adults, who join hands, dance around and "embrace" St. Mary's parish church. Clipping the church and eating dog pie are customs that have been revived and continue to be practised. The "dog pie" is not made of dog meat, but the custom is based upon plum pie baked with a porcelain china dog, that had been baked annually between 1870 and 1880.[12][13][14]

Folklore holds that the churchyard will never have more than 99 yew trees and that should a 100th grow the Devil would pull it out.[15] According to the Victoria and Albert Museum a count of the trees showed there to be 103.[16] The plan of the churchyard included in the church's own public leaflet shows 100.[17][better source needed]

While Royalists were encamped in Painswick, tradition has it that King Charles I went up to the Beacon and, seeing the beautiful valley to the east said "This must be Paradise". Since then that valley, and the hamlet on its western side to the north of Painswick have been called Paradise.

During the 18th century a group of gentry, led by Benjamin Hyett II, organised an annual procession dedicated to Pan, during which a statue of the deity was held aloft, and people shouted "Highgates! Highgates!". The tradition died out in the 1830s, but was revived in 1885 by the new vicar, W. H. Seddon, who mistakenly believed that the festival had been ancient in origin. Seddon's successor, however, was less appreciative of the pagan festival and put an end to it in 1950, when he had Pan's statue buried,[18] although it was later dug up and placed within the grounds of Painswick House.[19]

According to William Black's 'The Land that Thyme Forgot', Bow Wow Sauce, a sauce to be served with roast meats, was developed in Painswick.[20]

Post office

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The half-timbered building containing the Painswick post office was built in 1478.

The post office in Painswick occupies a listed building built in 1478, making it the oldest known building in Great Britain to also contain a post office. It is not known when the post office counter was opened. Mr. H M Strange moved the post office up the street (by four buildings) in 1933 and remained Post Master there until retirement in 1968.

School

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Painswick has one school, Croft Primary School. The school is a small secular and co-educational Community School for children aged 4 to 11 with fewer than 150 pupils.[21] In the Key Stage 2 results for 2008 91% of children achieved or exceeded Level 4 in English and Science and 84% did so in Maths. These results are slightly higher than the county averages of 86%, 82% and 91% in English, Maths and Science respectively.[22]

Notable people

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Plaque commemorating the home of Charles Wilfred Orr on St. Mary's Street

References

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  1. ^ "Parish population 2011". Retrieved 30 March 2015.
  2. ^ "Painswick", in Ancient and Historical Monuments in the County of Gloucester: Iron Age and Romano-British Monuments in the Gloucestershire Cotswolds (London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1976), pp. 91-94.
  3. ^ Geoffrey William Adams, Romano-Celtic Élites and Their Religion: A Study of Archaeological Sites in Gloucestershire (Armidale, New South Wales: Caeros, 2005), p. 42, ISBN 9780975844519.
  4. ^ Eilert Ekwall, The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Place-names, 4th edn (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1960), s.vv. Painswick, Painsthorpe; A. H. Smith, The Place-names of Gloucestershire, English Place-Name Society, 38–41, 4 vols (Cambridge : University Press, 1964–65), I, 132).
  5. ^ "England's most famous ghost at Painswick & Chavenage". Ctswolds Info. Retrieved 28 October 2019.
  6. ^ "A History of Painswick". Painswick Parish Council. Archived from the original on 24 September 2016. Retrieved 28 August 2016.
  7. ^ Daneff, Tiffany. "Painswick Rococo Garden: Hidden pavilions and romantic copses, watched over by the god of woodland revels". Country Life. Retrieved 24 April 2023.
  8. ^ a b "Election Maps". Ordnance Survey. Retrieved 12 August 2013.
  9. ^ "Ward population 2011". Retrieved 30 March 2015.
  10. ^ "Painswick Parish Council". Retrieved 24 January 2022.
  11. ^ Images of England: Church of St Mary, Painswick. English Heritage. Retrieved 10 December 2008.
  12. ^ Francis A. Hyett, 1928, Glimpses of the History of Painswick, pages 149-158
  13. ^ "Painswick Feast & Puppy Dog Pie". Edgemoor Inn. 12 September 2018. Retrieved 28 October 2019.
  14. ^ "Cotswold Dogs, a legend". Cotswold Dog Lodge. 10 July 2015. Retrieved 28 October 2019.
  15. ^ "Painswick". Stroud News and Journal. Retrieved 6 November 2015.
  16. ^ "The famed clipped yew trees of Painswick Churchyard. Gloucestershire. 1902". The Victoria and Albert Museum. Retrieved 3 May 2007.
  17. ^ St. Mary's Painswick, A Stroll Around the Churchyard, Church leaflet, obtained July 2008
  18. ^ The Triumph of the Moon: A History of Modern Pagan Witchcraft, Ronald Hutton, page 161-162
  19. ^ "Painswick House". National Heritage List for England. Historic England. Retrieved 28 October 2019.
  20. ^ "Wow-Wow sauce". The Foods of England Project. 7 April 2015. Retrieved 14 August 2016.
  21. ^ "DCSF figures were 123 pupils of compulsory school age in 2004". Archived from the original on 6 October 2009.
  22. ^ "The Croft Primary School". Archived from the original on 1 August 2012. Retrieved 12 October 2019.
  23. ^ McVeagh, Diana. Gerald Finzi: His life and Music (Boydell Press, 2005) p24 ff.
  24. ^ BBC's Common actress Susan Lynch on working with ‘lovely’ Johnny Depp and ‘amazing’ Ewan McGregor Archived 18 July 2015 at the Wayback Machine Gloucester Citizen, 2014-03-24.
  25. ^ Tate, Gabriel (26 April 2016). "Line of Duty's Craig Parkinson on playing TV's nastiest man: 'I'm a master at lurking'". The Guardian. Retrieved 19 February 2018.
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