Talk:Wetland

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Section sizes

Section size for Wetland (55 sections)
Section name	Byte count	Section total
(Top)	8,529	8,529
Definitions and terminology	271	12,309
Technical definitions	5,203	5,203
Types	2,305	2,549
Peatlands	244	244
Wetland names	1,638	1,638
Locations	19	2,648
By temperature zone	1,652	1,652
By precipitation amount	977	977
Processes	365	6,826
Hydrology	3,439	3,439
Role of salinity	1,073	1,073
Soil	1,949	1,949
Biology	1,389	12,360
Flora	2,719	2,719
Fauna	8,252	8,252
Ecosystem services	2,043	18,151
Storage reservoirs and flood protection	1,089	1,089
Groundwater replenishment	1,441	1,441
Shoreline stabilization and storm protection	3,309	3,309
Water purification	1,725	1,725
Wastewater treatment	442	442
Reservoirs of biodiversity	3,641	3,641
Wetland products	2,928	2,928
Additional services and uses of wetlands	1,533	1,533
Disturbances and human impacts	4,626	9,346
Conversion to dry land	1,578	1,578
Drainage of floodplains	1,975	1,975
Overfishing	1,167	1,167
Conservation	2,110	4,128
Balancing wetland conservation with the needs of people	987	987
Ramsar Convention	1,031	1,031
Restoration	930	5,707
Levels of restoration	279	4,777
Prescribed natural or assisted regeneration	1,457	1,457
Partial reconstruction	815	815
Complete reconstruction	997	997
Traditional knowledge	1,229	1,229
Climate change aspects	30	8,445
Greenhouse gas emissions	1,013	1,013
Climate change mitigation	4,457	4,457
Climate change adaptation	2,945	2,945
Valuation	1,273	9,513
Assessment	2,927	2,927
Inventory	2,790	2,790
Monitoring and mapping	2,523	2,523
Legislation	19	2,744
International efforts	61	61
National efforts	26	2,664
United States	2,181	2,181
Canada	457	457
Examples	470	470
See also	127	127
References	33	33
External links	337	337
Total	99,025	99,025

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Do wetlands exist in Antarctica? Seems to be unclear.

I have a question about this sentence "Wetlands occur naturally on every continent^[1]" The publication is not open access and doesn't mention in the lead if they really exist on all continents including Antarctica. Could we replace this with a better reference or add one that makes a statement about Antarctica? Note that EPA says "except Antarctica", see here. A google search on the topic lead me to this, which talks about a "wetland like" system beneath the ice: https://www.nsf.gov/news/news_summ.jsp?cntn_id=138450 . But I am not sure if this could be termed a wetland in the conventional sense. So I think we need to provide more clarity on this (but perhaps not in the lead is it's not that important). EMsmile (talk) 09:39, 8 July 2022 (UTC)[reply]

Here's a reference on Antarctic ephemeral wetlands. The Hydroecology of an Ephemeral Wetland in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica

https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2019JG005153#:~:text=Wetlands%20occur%20in%20the%20polar%20desert%20regions%20of%20the%20Arctic%20and%20Antarctic. ASRASR (talk) 10:07, 8 July 2022 (UTC)[reply]

It seems to be disputed whether such kind of wetlands are "conventional wetlands". Or why else would the EPA website say "except Antarctica" (unless they copied this from the Wikipedia article earlier!). Might need a little deeper digging and then explaining in the Wikipedia article e.g. "some scholars describe the existence of wetland-type systems in Antarctica as "wetlands" whereas others don't regard these as wetlands". Or we e-mail EPA and ask if their information is wrong? Found also this interesting discussion on Quora. I guess it comes down to the definition, whether something that is frozen for large parts of the year can be called a wetland. So either way, I think somewhere in the article (but not in the lead) we should explain the different viewpoints so that readers understand that it's not a yes or no answer. EMsmile (talk) 10:20, 8 July 2022 (UTC)[reply]

For now I've changed the sentence from to ""Wetlands occur naturally on every continent" to "Wetlands occur all over the world" - I think this is a safer statement, given all the uncertainties. EMsmile (talk) 10:29, 8 July 2022 (UTC)[reply]

References

^ Davidson, N.C. (2014). "How much wetland has the world lost? Long-term and recent trends in global wetland area". Marine and Freshwater Research. 65 (10): 934–941. doi:10.1071/MF14173. S2CID 85617334.

Removal of reference on Digital

Dear MrOllie . Please explain your removal of this new reference added by SomayehMontaseri in the Monitoring and Mapping Section:

"Digital Twin Enabled Mass Personalization: A Case Study of a Smart Wetland Maintenance System". American Society of Mechanical Engineers. MSEC2020 (8363): 6. January 15, 2021 – via ASME

I can see the reference isn't at all formatted properly. Is this the reason? Can SomayehMontaseri fix this? Regards ASRASR (talk) 09:27, 7 September 2022 (UTC)[reply]

SomayehMontaseri (and another account, currently named Sustainabilityandresilience but called 'SuezSmartSolution' prior to a recent rename) have been spamming citations related to a company called Suez Smart Solutions and its employees across Wikipedia, including this one on a case study undertaken by the company. I removed it as promotion / citation spam. It had nothing to do with formatting, and I do not believe that this citation improves the article. It should be left out. MrOllie (talk) 10:47, 7 September 2022 (UTC)[reply]

Clarification comments on the table dealing with nitrous oxide fluxes

Dear Speminallium re table on nitrous oxide fluxes https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wetland#Greenhouse_gas_emissions. Please explain your comment requesting clarification in 3 places in this table. Are you questioning the referenced data that have negative to positive ranges? Fluxes can be both negative and positive. Regards ASRASR (talk) 12:01, 1 November 2022 (UTC)[reply]

Hi ASRASR (1) The minus sign and the n-dash are very similar, so first of all I wasn't totally sure which was meant. You have now explained that they are minus signs. So for clarity, the dashes should be replaced by "to", or something similar. (2) You have also now explained that fluxes can be both negative and positive. Not being an expert (like many other users) I don't understand what a negative flux means, so that should be explained somewehere in the article. Regards ---Speminallium (talk) 15:17, 1 November 2022 (UTC)[reply]

Hi Speminallium. Yes negative fluxes are caused by uptake of N2O by the soil. I will add that explanation in a footnote to the table. I had no trouble differentiating between the negative sign and the larger n-dash. They are rather different e.g −0.07 – 0.06. Wouldn't you agree? I suppose changing the "n-dash" to "to" is possible. Please go ahead with that change if you wish. Regards ASRASR (talk) 21:33, 1 November 2022 (UTC)[reply]

Thanks, that's helpful. Regards---Speminallium (talk) 07:10, 2 November 2022 (UTC)[reply]

I have moved this now to Wetland methane emissions as I felt it was too detailed. I've also proposed on the talk page of that article to rename it to Wetland greenhouse gas emissions. EMsmile (talk) 20:21, 6 December 2022 (UTC)[reply]

Update: that sub-article has now been renamed to Greenhouse gas emissions from wetlands. EMsmile (talk) 17:19, 8 December 2022 (UTC)[reply]

Section on Biodiversity

I have modified the reference to Lake Baikal specifying instead the wetlands in the Selenga River Delta of Lake Baikal. Lake Baikal is not a wetland and the text dealing with its biodiversity has been removed. Have saved it here so it can be moved to the article on Lake Baikal. Text removed: Evidence from a research study by Mazepova et al. suggest that the number of crustacean species endemic to Baikal Lake (over 690 species and subspecies) exceeds the number of the same groups of animals inhabiting all the fresh water bodies of Eurasia together. Its 150 species of free-living Platyhelminthes alone is analogous to the entire number in all of Eastern Siberia. The 34 species and subspecies number of Baikal sculpins is more than twice the number of the analogous fauna that inhabits Eurasia. In southern Baikal, about 300 species of free-living nematodes were found in only six near-shore sampling localities. "If we will take into consideration, that about 60% of the animals can be found nowhere else except Baikal, it may be assumed that the lake may be the biodiversity center of the Eurasian continent." ASRASR (talk) 14:25, 12 November 2022 (UTC)[reply]

Is your recommendation to move the text to Lake Baikal? How come there are no references though, did you drop them when you moved this to the talk page or were there none to start with? EMsmile (talk) 20:21, 6 December 2022 (UTC)[reply]

Some problems with the references

There are still quite a few references that have either no URL to go with them or where the link is no longer working. There seems to be a problem with many of the refs that go to the Ramsar convention website, i.e. these refs are all going to dead links: 2, 19, 29, 50, 104. Also, I don't understand what this sentence is mean to say: Unless otherwise cited, ecosystem services information is based on the following series of references.^[1] We should not use such a sentence but rather provide in-line citations. This is perhaps a left over from a very old version of this article. EMsmile (talk) 20:21, 6 December 2022 (UTC)[reply]

References

^ "Ramsar Convention Ecosystem Services Benefit Factsheets". Retrieved 2011-09-25.

Worked on the section on "climate change aspects"

I've done some work on the section on "climate change aspects":

I've consolidated the info about GHG emissions in one place instead of two. I've moved some content that I felt was too detailed to Wetland methane emissions. I've also proposed on the talk page there to rename that article to Wetland greenhouse gas emissions. Please comment there. (update: that article has now been renamed to greenhouse gas emissions from wetlands). EMsmile (talk) 22:54, 9 December 2022 (UTC)[reply]
I think we need to explain to non-expert readers (like myself) how it can be that wetlands on the one hand emit dangerous greenhouse gases but on the other hand are useful for climate change mitigation. When do they do which and what role are humans playing with their interferences? There is no logical flow between the two sections on GHGE and mitigation in the article yet. Can someone help?
The info on mitigation and adaptation should be updated with the latest info and figures from the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report, WG III on mitigation and WG II on adaptation. I don't have time myself at the moment, so just putting this here as a reminder for someone.
However having said that, how can we ensure that similar content about wetlands as a carbon sink is not repeated in several locations? Maybe just put it in one location and then use an excerpt for the other locations? I see it currently in this article, also in climate change mitigation#Wetland restoration, carbon sequestration#wetlands, blue carbon, biosequestration. Also pinging User:Chidgk1 and User:Epipelagic in case they are interested in wetlands/blue carbon/carbon sequestration etc. EMsmile (talk) 20:30, 6 December 2022 (UTC)[reply]

Wiki Education assignment: Current Topics in Earth and Environmental Sciences

This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 20 August 2023 and 9 December 2023. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Aditoaster12 (article contribs).

— Assignment last updated by Aditoaster12 (talk) 17:34, 31 October 2023 (UTC)[reply]

Removed content on metal accumulation

I've removed this content that I regard as overly detailed for this high level article, or digressing into other areas and mostly also without sources. I have moved it to here in case someone disagrees:

+++++++

In some cases, certain metals are taken up through wetland plant stems, roots, and leaves. For example, many floating plant species such as water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), duckweed (Lemna) and water fern (Azolla) store iron and copper found in wastewater; these plants also extract pathogens. Fast-growing plants rooted in the soils of wetlands such as cattail (Typha) and reed (Phragmites) also contribute to heavy metal up-take. Animals such as the oyster can filter more than 200 litres (53 US gal) of water per day while grazing for food, removing nutrients, suspended sediments, and chemical contaminants in the process. On the other hand, some types of wetlands facilitate the mobilization and bioavailability of mercury (another heavy metal), which in its methyl mercury form increases the risk of bioaccumulation in fish important to animal food webs and harvested for human consumption.

Retaining high levels of metals in sediments is problematic if the sediments become resuspended or oxygen and pH levels change at a future time. The capacity of wetland vegetation to store heavy metals depends on the particular metal, oxygen and pH status of wetland sediments and overlying water, water flow rate (detention time), wetland size, season, climate, type of plant, and other factors.

The capacity of a wetland to store sediment, nutrients, and metals can be diminished if sediments are compacted such as by vehicles or heavy equipment, or are regularly tilled. Unnatural changes in water levels and water sources also can affect the water purification function. If water purification functions are impaired, excessive loads of nutrients enter waterways and cause eutrophication. This is of particular concern in temperate coastal systems.^[1]^[2] The main sources of coastal eutrophication are industrially made nitrogen, which is used as fertilizer in agricultural practices, as well as septic waste runoff.^[3] Nitrogen is the limiting nutrient for photosynthetic processes in saline systems, however in excess, it can lead to an overproduction of organic matter that then leads to hypoxic and anoxic zones within the water column.^[4] Without oxygen, other organisms cannot survive, including economically important finfish and shellfish species. EMsmile (talk) 16:04, 19 August 2024 (UTC)[reply]

References

^ Valiela, I.; Collins, G.; Kremer, J.; Lajtha, K.; Geist, M.; Seely, B.; Brawley, J.; Sham, C. H. (1997). "Nitrogen loading from coastal watersheds to receiving estuaries: New method and application". Ecological Applications. 7 (2): 358–380. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.461.3668. doi:10.2307/2269505. JSTOR 2269505.
^ Nixon, S. W. (1986). "Nutrients and the productivity of estuarine and coastal marine ecosystems". Journal of the Limnological Society of South Africa. 12 (1–2): 43–71. doi:10.1080/03779688.1986.9639398.
^ Galloway, J. (2003). "The Nitrogen Cascade". BioScience. 53 (4): 341–356. doi:10.1641/0006-3568(2003)053[0341:tnc]2.0.co;2. S2CID 3356400.
^ Diaz, R. J.; Rosenberg, R. (2008). "Spreading Dead Zones and Consequences for Marine Ecosystems". Science. 321 (5891): 926–929. Bibcode:2008Sci...321..926D. doi:10.1126/science.1156401. PMID 18703733. S2CID 32818786.

EMsmile (talk) 16:04, 19 August 2024 (UTC)[reply]

[Davidson2014-1] Davidson, N.C. (2014). "How much wetland has the world lost? Long-term and recent trends in global wetland area". Marine and Freshwater Research. 65 (10): 934–941. doi:10.1071/MF14173. S2CID 85617334.

[ramsar_a-2] "Ramsar Convention Ecosystem Services Benefit Factsheets". Retrieved 2011-09-25.

[3] Valiela, I.; Collins, G.; Kremer, J.; Lajtha, K.; Geist, M.; Seely, B.; Brawley, J.; Sham, C. H. (1997). "Nitrogen loading from coastal watersheds to receiving estuaries: New method and application". Ecological Applications. 7 (2): 358–380. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.461.3668. doi:10.2307/2269505. JSTOR 2269505.

[4] Nixon, S. W. (1986). "Nutrients and the productivity of estuarine and coastal marine ecosystems". Journal of the Limnological Society of South Africa. 12 (1–2): 43–71. doi:10.1080/03779688.1986.9639398.

[5] Galloway, J. (2003). "The Nitrogen Cascade". BioScience. 53 (4): 341–356. doi:10.1641/0006-3568(2003)053[0341:tnc]2.0.co;2. S2CID 3356400.

[6] Diaz, R. J.; Rosenberg, R. (2008). "Spreading Dead Zones and Consequences for Marine Ecosystems". Science. 321 (5891): 926–929. Bibcode:2008Sci...321..926D. doi:10.1126/science.1156401. PMID 18703733. S2CID 32818786.

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