Juan Lindo

Juan Lindo
Juan Lindo
President of Honduras
	In office; 2 February 1847 – 1 February 1852
Vice President	Felipe Bustillo
Preceded by	Coronado Chávez
Succeeded by	Francisco Gómez y Argüelles ; (Acting)
Provisional President of El Salvador
	In office; 22 February 1841 – 1 February 1842
Succeeded by	Juan José Guzmán
Personal details
Born	Juan Nepomuceno Fernández Lindo y Zelaya; 16 May 1790; Tegucigalpa, Honduras
Died	23 April 1857 (aged 66); Gracias, Honduras
Political party	Conservative Party
Occupation	Lawyer, Politician

Juan Nepomuceno Fernández Lindo y Zelaya (generally known as Juan Lindo) (16 May 1790, Tegucigalpa, Honduras – 23 April 1857, Gracias, Honduras) was a Conservative Central American politician, provisional president of the Republic of El Salvador from 1841 to 1842 and of the Republic of Honduras from 1847 to 1852.

Background

Lindo was born into a landholding family. He was the son of a Spanish Jew.^[1] There is some question about his birth and death dates. Some sources give 1790 for his birth and some give 1853 for his death. In 1814 he became a lawyer (licenciado en derecho) at the Universidad de San Carlos in Guatemala. After graduation, he worked for the Spanish regime. After the independence of Central America from Spain, he was intendente of the Province of Comayagua (1821). He was one of the promoters of annexation of Central America to the Mexican Empire of Agustín de Iturbide, which he favored over Guatemala.

He was elected deputy to the Legislative Assembly of Honduras in 1826. The following year he aided Conservative José Justo Milla in his defeat of Honduran Chief of State Dionisio de Herrera. He was a deputy to the constituent assembly that was convoked in June 1838, where he represented the Conservative Party. From his position in the assembly, he promoted the separation of Honduras from the Federal Republic of Central America, in October 1838.

As chief of state of El Salvador

In 1840 he traveled to El Salvador, where with the help of General Francisco Malespín he became secretary of state, from October 1840 to January 1841. Afterwards he was elected provisional chief of state of the State of El Salvador, from 7 January to 22 February 1841, succeeding Colonel Antonio José Cañas Quintanilla. That day, the constituent assembly declared El Salvador independent of the Central American Federation, and Lindo became President of the now-independent republic, serving until 1 February 1842.

Lindo named General and Licienciado Norberto Ramírez minister. On 16 February 1841 the constituent assembly issued the decree establishing the University of El Salvador. Lindo ordered the establishment of schools in every village and valley of the country with at least 150 inhabitants. He ordered the local authorities fined if they did not establish the schools and require attendance.

As president of Honduras

In 1842 he returned to Honduras and established himself at Comayagua. After General Francisco Ferrera declined to serve as president, the Honduran assembly elected Lindo constitutional president, a position he exercised from 12 February 1847 to 4 February 1848. During his term he established the University of Honduras (Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras) and promulgated a new constitution. In accordance with the new constitution, he was elected for a second term, which ended on 1 February 1852.

In his second administration in Honduras, General José Santos Guardiola, appointed by Lindo, revolted in Tegucigalpa against the National Assembly, with the intent of taking prisoner General Ferrera and Don Coronado Chávez, who were intriguing against Lindo. Felipe Bustillo, who had taken over government functions from Lindo, fled to Copán, and Lindo resumed the presidency. Ferrera and Chávez fled to El Salvador. Guardiola later revolted against Lindo, but was defeated and went into voluntary exile.

Lindo signed an alliance with Salvadoran president Doroteo Vasconcelos to declare war on the government of Guatemala, headed by Rafael Carrera. Allied troops invaded Guatemalan territory, but were defeated by Carrera in the Battle of La Arada on 2 February 1851.

At the end of Lindo's second term General José Trinidad Cabañas entered the presidency. Lindo retired from politics and established himself in the city of Gracias, department of Lempira, where he died in 1857.

References

^ "The World's Other Jewish President". Haaretz. 16 August 2002. Retrieved 9 December 2019.

External links

(in Spanish) Juan Lindo - President of El Salvador
(in Spanish) Biography and information on his term as President of Honduras
(in Spanish) Biography

Political offices
Preceded by Position established	President of El Salvador 1841–1842	Succeeded by José Escolástico Marín
Preceded by Council of Ministers	President of Honduras 1847–1852	Succeeded by Francisco Gómez

[1] "The World's Other Jewish President". Haaretz. 16 August 2002. Retrieved 9 December 2019.

[1]

v t e Heads of state of El Salvador
Post-independence (1821–1823)	Barriere Delgado Filísola Codallos Consultive Junta^‡ Prado^†
Federal Republic of Central America (1823–1841)	J. Rodríguez Prado J. V. Villacorta Prado Cornejo J. D. Villacorta Cornejo Morazán^† J. San Martín Prado J. San Martín C. Salazar^† G. Salazar^† Escolán^† Silva Espinoza F. Gómez Vigil T. Menéndez Vigil T. Menéndez Cañas^† Morazán Silva^† Cañas^† Ramírez^† Lindo^†
Republic of El Salvador (1841–1931)	Lindo^† Arce^† Marín^† J. J. Guzmán D. Villacorta^† Marín^† J. J. Guzmán C. Molina^† Arce^† C. Molina^† Arce^† Palacios^† Malespín Palacios^† J. E. Guzmán Palacios^† Aguilar Palacios^† Aguilar Medina^† Quirós^† Vasconcelos R. Rodríguez^† Vasconcelos Dueñas^† Quirós^† Dueñas J. M. San Martín^† Dueñas V. Gómez^† J. M. San Martín Dueñas^† Campo Dueñas^† Campo Zepeda^† Santín Barrios^† Santín J. E. Guzmán^† Peralta^† Barrios Dueñas González Méndez^† González del Valle Zaldívar Guirola^† Zaldívar Figueroa^† Rosales^† F. Menéndez C. Ezeta A. Ezeta^† Gutiérrez Regalado Escalón Figueroa M. Araujo C. Meléndez^† Quiñónez^† C. Meléndez Quiñónez^† J. Meléndez Quiñónez P. Romero A. Araujo
Military presidents (1931–1979)	Civic Directory^‡ Hernández Martínez^† A. Menéndez^† Hernández Martínez A. Menéndez^† Aguirre^† Castaneda Revolutionary Council of Government^‡ Osorio Lemus Junta of Government^‡ Civic-Military Directory^‡ Cordón^† Rivera F. Sánchez A. Molina C. Romero
Salvadoran Civil War (1979–1992)	Revolutionary Government Junta^‡ Magaña Duarte Cristiani
Post-Civil War (since 1992)	Cristiani Calderón Flores Saca Funes S. Sánchez Bukele C. Rodríguez^†
^† – Acting or provisional president ^‡ – Military junta

v t e Presidents and heads of state of Honduras
1821–1839	Herrera Milla Bendaña Jeronimo Zelaya Bustamante Morazán Vigil Cocaña Morazán Ángel Arias Morazán Valle Marquez Milla Guevara Rivera Martinez Salinas Herrera Martinez Salinas Lino
1839–1982	Zelaya y Ayes Ferrera Council of Ministers Ferrera Council of Ministers Chávez Council of Ministers Lindo Gómez Cabañas Bueso Aguilar Guardiola Montes Castellanos Montes Medina Inestroza Cruz Medina Arias Leiva Mejía Gómez Medina Soto Council of Ministers Bográn Leiva Vásquez P. Bonilla Sierra Arias Boquín M. Bonilla Oquelí Dávila Bertrand M. Bonilla Bertrand Aguirre Mejía Colindres Bográn López Gutiérrez Bueso Carías Andino Tosta Paz Barahona Mejía Colindres Carías Andino Gálvez Lozano Díaz Military junta Villeda Morales López Arellano Cruz Uclés López Arellano Melgar Paz García
Democratic era (since 1982)	Suazo Córdova Azcona Callejas Reina Flores Maduro Zelaya Micheletti (Disputed) Lobo Hernández Castro

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