Wikipedia:Reference desk/Archives/January 2004 II

question for Mr Maltin

Hope this isn't bothering busy people. I'm new to computers and want to ask Leonard Maltin a question: Is there such a thing as a movie book/listing which goes by subject rather than by title? There may be many movies on - or during - the Civil War, but who knows what their titles are? And how would one find out?

Thanks for any help!

Donald dcmckay@juno.com

I don't know how often Leonard Maltin drops by here, but I can tell you that Haliwell's Filmgoers Companion lists and discusses films by topic area. Any good bookshop will carry it. Adam 07:42, 14 Jan 2004 (UTC)

HELP ME

Moved from WP:VP

I have been dating a 26 year old female who has been suffering from a severe ED. She suffers form Anorexia and bulimia. She has been in treatment centres 2 times at a great cost to her parents. I met her 3 years ago and she was out of recovery and was at a healthy weight. She got better with ups and downs and she is now slowly declining quickly. She is become suicidal, her health is of concern (heart, blood pressure, everything). She is loosing weight and she is doing things that I would not expect. She recently cheated on me and told me as she felt guilty. I am an educated guy who knows I should run but I love her and have stuck behind her for the last 3 years with hospital, doctors and counselling visits. And all all the good times. I know it hard to offer advice but I don't know what to do. I am scared to death. DO I give up. I have my life together but feel I am taking on her problems. This is only because I love her. I feel she manipulates me and I fall into the trap. I ignore behaviours when I know she is vomiting or restricting. I am concerned about the severity of her illness and feel she might have a personality disorder. She is 5,10 and at one point 88 pound!!! This scares me but I have fallen in love with her. I I work as an Police Officer and I am aware of some shoplifting and reckless behaviour but I still stay. Am I an idiot. Should I cut my losses. Please offer me some suggestions. I long do I do what is recommended and is not working?????

Clarke_scott@yahoo.ca

You might want to try and get advice from the "Ask Alice" site. The URL is http://www.goaskalice.columbia.edu/. Check under "Relationships." There might be something already there relating to your problem. Sorry, I don't email non-acquaintances. Good luck. —Frecklefoot 19:42, 15 Jan 2004 (UTC)

Fast Meter

I would like to know why my electric meter is going twice as fast as my niebours and when I just use my microwave or my stove it spins just as fast? My mother lives in a 4 bedroom house and her meter spins slower then mine and she uses the heater more. rgn_jr@hotmail.com

It sounds like someone may be siphoning your power. Do you have things that sip power in the background, i.e. refrigerator(s), instant-on T.V.s, PCs? I'd check those first. If you have central air/heat, those may use power without you knowing it. HTH —Frecklefoot 19:47, 15 Jan 2004 (UTC)

A friend of mine found out that the hallway lighting was hooked up to the electric meter for his appartment. Of course, the landlord denied it. Robinoke

Special Prosecutor vs Independent Counsel

There are two articles [both of which I wrote :)] -- Special prosecutor and Independent Counsel. Now I have always heard the two terms used synonomously. I want to know what the differences are. If there are none, then I need to move the contents of one to the other and make it a redirect. →Raul654 12:25, Jan 19, 2004 (UTC)

I believe that a Special Prosecutor serves at the will of the Executive, but an Independent Counsel can be fired only for cause. See http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/counsel/office/dash.html. -- Jmabel 06:49, 20 Jan 2004 (UTC)

Markup Language for Dramatis Personae

Does anyone know if there is an XML dialect for describing lists of characters who appear in a book or series of books? I'm interested in keeping track of characters who recur across a long-running series, and sometimes across several series. I'd like to use an existing standard if possible. Phil 17:36, Jan 21, 2004 (UTC)

I don't know whether a relevant standard already exists but it is easy to make your own XML dialect for this. Optim 16:56, 1 Feb 2004 (UTC)

Sure, but being a lazy programmer (I did functional languages too, that's an in-joke) I like to follow an existing standard if I can. --Phil 18:00, Feb 4, 2004 (UTC)

migration of the apaches

My daughter is currently working on a project for her school. She chose to do the project on the history of the Apaches. We have come upon many great sites with intensive information, but we have not found any information on why the Apaches migrated from Canada. Any information would be greatly appreciated. Thank you in advance.

"Apache" is a misnomer of sorts -- and describes a few groups of Athabaskan people -- who were, by culture, nomads -- following mountain ranges, rivers and game animal migration in North America from the Bering Strait, it is logical that the nomadic people who became known as Apache would eventually make it to Texas and Colorado. Try here: The Apache Indians: An Unknown Tribe- Davodd 20:26, Jan 21, 2004 (UTC)

Help I cant see international fonts.

Eg. arabic, tamil, hindi etc. I couldnt find any help regarding this. Using netscape 7.0

• Just install all character sets. Then in Netscape 7 go to menu View, Character Coding and choose one which suis you. Optim 01:11, 22 Jan 2004 (UTC)

Steven Spielberg birthdate

Even Mr. Speilberg can't claim birthdays one year apart (although I'm sure he'd be glad to) so, was he born, as listed, in December of 1946 or 1947?

That's odd. I would claim my birthdays are always one year apart--plus or minus a day for leap years. But then I've always felt especially in tune with nature. More in tune than Speilberg, at least, or so it seems.168... 22:35, 13 Jan 2004 (UTC)

I guess you refer to the fact that two wikipedias (german and japanese) give 1947 as his birthday, while the english entry Steven Spielberg and two other give 1946. IMDb also gives 1946, but google gives also lots of links which give 1947 as the year. andy 09:58, 22 Jan 2004 (UTC)

The correct birthday is 1946. I knew Spielberg as a high school friend, and when my birthday rolled around we discussed the fact that he was almost exactly a year older. Biographer Joseph McBride asked me this very question, but didn't leave it at that. He obtained a copy of the birth certificate, which leaves no doubt. See Joe McBride's very painstaking biography. Gene Ward Smith

Names & Gender

I cannot understand the gender from a name, since the English names don't give me this information (most Greek names give it, both first names and last names, usually, for example first name is konstantinos for male and konstantina for female, and the last name is papadopoulos for male and papadopoulou for female). In the past I had a website and I was an editor at a magazine where I was writing spoilers for some TV series, and I did the stupid mistake to refer to someone as male; When the relevant TV episode aired, I understood I did a so stupid mistake since she was actually female, and I felt a bit shame! So if I haven't associated a name (such as Bill: only male) with a gender from before, I really cannot know! The same applies to usernames. BTW if you do have some standard way of distinguishing the gender in English names, please inform me. I had similar problems with the Chinese people, too, it's very annoying and creates misunderstandings. The only "rule" I can remember now is that usually names ending in "a" are female-only. As a game, and as an interesting way of seeing how different cultures-languages work, can you get any information about the gender form the names: nikos, niki, optim, zanin, kostas, grigoris, eleni, patroklos, bei, hui, ran, weichi, iraklis, dias, hristos, dimitra, dafni, giorgos, alexis, thanos, thanasis, elena, katerina, petros, orestis, frideriki, ifigenia, eshilos, xenia, zoi, bo, xianfeng, alberich, angeliki, aggelos, spyros, hristina, marilena, vagelitsa, vassilis, mihalis? (these include internet nicknames, austrian, greek and chinese first names) copy-paste the names and put the gender you understand next to them in parentheses, if u like. it would be nice if you want to give your cultural and language background (what lang u speak, were u live/born). I will reveal the correct answers after some time and after I get relies:) reply here. feel free to write names from your culture/language and let us guess the gender. hope u find this interesting! .·. Optim 13:50, 24 Jan 2004 (UTC) .·. (?!!?)

Male - Kevin

I think the above-proposed procedure might be worthwhile if it were directed at filling in the gaps in what can be automated.

Prior to the 2000 US Census, i found, in about 10 minutes, on-line lists from www.census.gov of rank & IIRC number to nearest N (N=1000? N=100,000? I dunno!), among US residents IIRC, of

• people with a given surname
• males with a given given-name
• females with a given given-name.

I was pleasantly surprised by the extent of the lists: my recollection is that i formed the impression that 99% or 99.9% of the population i was interested in had their name listed. (Or its other-gender equivalent: be careful with the rare ones!) I

• added a gender column to each of the given-name tables, and
• combined them
• sorted them by name,
• merged adjacent rows that had same name (i.e., one row of each gender), and
• computed the proportion of people with a given given-name who are female.

The resulting table is a lookup by name for probable gender and certainty. It can be sorted by proportion and broken up (you decide, subjectively, the break points) into three lists: of male, female, and unisex names.

I failed just now to find the same pages in twice the time, but i probably have the URL and in any case have the raw data and the computed proportions for (at least) the individuals i was most interested in. If no one can come up with the raw data independently, let me know & i'll help find, or if necessary, supply it.

This is not the complete answer to the question posed:

• ethnicities are not attached,
• gender-proportions of names not traditional to the US will be tilted (i think) toward femaleness, due to males "assimilating" faster and thus changing their names to "American-sounding" equivalents in greater proportion, and
• the same spelling being used for "different" names in different cultures confuses the results (French "Jean" (pr. zhawn'), male, is "the same as" English "John" (pr. dzhahn), male, but most Americans named "Jean" (pr. dzheen) are in my experience female. --Jerzy 18:18, 2004 Jan 24 (UTC)

Your experiment (having random people try to decipher the gender of a selection of names) is an excellent idea, but you should really choose a more unfamiliar language. Anyone vaguely familiar with Hellenic mythology and/or tragedy, in other words, anyone who didn't sleep through high-school English class, knows that names ending in '-s' (except for '-is') are generally male, while those ending in '-is' and '-a' are generally female. Some names from your list (i.e. 'Vassilis' and 'Mihalis') are not unique to Greece; for instance, these two are apparently male. --Smack 05:04, 25 Jan 2004 (UTC)

I will venture that "weichi" is probably not a person's actual name. It is the Chinese name for the game of go. -- Jmabel 06:02, 25 Jan 2004 (UTC)

• nikos (male)
• niki (female)

• optim (sounds like a Russian male name???)
• zanin (the Kankonian word for eleven . . . doesn't sound like a name)
• kostas (sounds male)
• grigoris (male)
• eleni (female)
• patroklos (male)
• bei (female)
• hui (male)
• ran (male)
• weichi (female)
• iraklis,
• dias (male)
• hristos (male)
• dimitra (female)
• dafni (Daphne = female)
• giorgos (male)
• alexis (unisex)
• thanos (male)
• thanasis (male)
• elena (female)
• katerina (female)
• petros (male)
• orestis (male)
• frideriki (female?)
• ifigenia (or Iphigenia, female)
• eshilos (male)
• xenia (female)
• zoi (female)
• bo (Bo knows . . . -- male)
• xianfeng (impossible to tell)
• alberich (male)
• angeliki (female)
• aggelos (male)
• spyros (male)
• hristina (female)
• marilena (female)
• vagelitsa (female)
• vassilis (male?)
• mihalis (male)

I was born in and live in California, in an English-speaking household with several European au pairs over the years living in. And yes, names with an -a at the end are almost always female, but Joshua, Ira and Ezra are masculine (although Joshuas will usually go by Josh). Likewise -o usually denotes male but Cleo/Clio is feminine. Wiwaxia 02:08, 26 Jan 2004 (UTC)

Mostly agree with the above except:

• "niki", if Greek, is probably male, but in California would probably be female
• "weichi", as I remarked above, is probably not a person's name
• "alexis", if Greek, is male (female cognate is "alexa")

• Thanks for your answers! the correct answers are:

• nikos (greek, male always)
• niki (greek, female always)
• optim (not a name, an internet nickname meaning Optimist)
• zanin (not a name, a french-inspired internet nickname which means nothing)
• kostas (greek male always)
• grigoris (greek male always)
• eleni (greek female always)
• patroklos (greek male always)
• bei (chinese female from North China)
• hui (chinese male fron North China)
• ran (chinese female, from North China, means nature AFAIK)
• weichi (chinese male, from North China)
• iraklis, greek male always
• dias greek male always
• hristos greek male always
• dimitra greek female always
• dafni (Daphne = female) greek female always
• giorgos greek male always
• alexis greek male always. In english it may be female too (this is too strange for greeks!)
• thanos greek male always
• thanasis greek male always
• elena greek female always
• katerina greek male always
• petros greek male always
• orestis greek male always
• frideriki greek female always
• ifigenia (or Iphigenia, female) greek female always
• eshilos greek male always
• xenia greek female always, means "foreign"
• zoi greek female always, means "life"
• bo (Bo knows . . . -- male) yes, chinese male
• xianfeng chinese male from South China
• alberich austrial male
• angeliki greek female always
• aggelos greek male always means Angel
• spyros greek male always
• hristina greek female always
• marilena greek female always: maria+elena (mary&helen)
• vagelitsa greek female always
• vassilis greek male always
• mihalis greek male always

A postscript, if you're still interested: in Hebrew, as in English, you can't usually tell a person's gender by a suffix attached to its name. Furthermore, quite a lot of names - modern for the most part - are used for both genders. To make things more complicated still, in recent years there arose a tendency to give girls names previously reserved for boys alone. Surnames are identical for both genders. As in English, there are, however, a few hints. Whenever a name ends with a 'a' or an 'it', it belongs to a female. These two suffixes are not coincidental. For reasons I have no intent of hereby specify, and under circumstances I do not intend to hereby disclose, 'a' found at the end of a word, in both Hebrew and Arabic (and, presumably, other languages of the same origin), turns to 'at'.

While we're discussing names and gender, I always wondered about nicknames as well, and how different names are shortened in different languages.

-Itai 17:40, 14 Feb 2004 (UTC)

Thanks for the info! :) Optim 03:20, 20 Feb 2004 (UTC)

statute of limitations

Is there a statute of limitations regarding prosecution for taking ones own children out of the country illegally?

You don't say what country, but the short of it (with the usual "I'm not a lawyer" provisos) is that the crime is not just at the time of departure from a given country, but continuing as long as they are minors (the age of majority varying from country to country, etc.). For example, if you had illegally removed a 6-year-old from the United States in 1986, and kept that child out of the country, I believe you would have been continuously committing a crime until that child turned 18 in 1998, so the clock wouldn't start on any statute of limitiations until that time. I wouldn't be surprised if some legal theory could be found to say that the criminal act continued past that date.

(Again, with the same provisos) As I understand it, if the country is the US, and if one didn't have legal custody, the fact that they were "ones own children" has little or no legal bearing (although it might cause a judge or jury to see the case differently). Kidnapping by a non-custodial parent is still kidnapping. -- Jmabel 07:24, 27 Jan 2004 (UTC)

some jurisdictions have a rule that says that the time you spend outside the jurisdiction doesn't count toward the prevailing time-limitation statute. I dunno if this is the case for US federal law or not. Note also that noncitizens entering the US on an i94 or i94/W have to answer a question that says something like "i have not been involved in the removal of a child from its parent within the US without a court's approval" or somesuch - and note that lying on an immigration form is a felony in itself. -- Finlay McWalter | Talk 01:14, 5 Feb 2004 (UTC)

Finding a Town In Saxony

I would like to find two towns in Saxony. My great-grandmother was born in Burg Walda, Saxony in 1844. She married Christopher Wagner in 1869 at Von Slaben, a village near Burg Walda. I have been unable to find these towns in my U.S. reference books. I will be visiting Dresden and Leipzig in June and would very much like to visit these areas if possible. Thank you in advance for any help you can provide. e-mail joanherriges@att.net.

Well, it's your ancestry, but I suspect the stories got garbled over the years, maybe from someone reading a document in a language they don't read well. "Von Slaben" seems like an unlikely place name, but a likely name for a noble family, and by implication for a castle or estate where the wedding could have taken place. Similarly, Burg Walda might not be a town name: "Burg." could be "mountain", but it could also be an abbreviation for "Burgomeister" ("mayor"), and might have been someone who signed a particular document. Best of luck sorting this out, but consider these possibilities as well. -- Jmabel 07:36, 27 Jan 2004 (UTC)

To be precise: "berg" is a mountain, and "burg" is a town (hence "burgemeester" = "master of the town"). So "Burg Walda" would pretty much have to be the name of a town. —Paul A 02:11, 3 Feb 2004 (UTC)

The tool you are looking for is a gazetteer: if you search for "German gazetteer" in Google you will find several. One such can be found here. Burg-Wald is on Map IV, quadrant I-6, near Marburg, Battenberg and Rosenthal. Links to other German gazetteers are here. You might also find geoserv useful. Hope this helps. Nunh-huh 06:09, 5 Feb 2004 (UTC)

Dynamo

Sir, I want to know whether there is any difference between Dynamo and a generator. I learned that dynamo can be termed for both ac and dc generators, then can we call an alternator also a dynamo.

An alternator translates mechanical energy into electrical energy; it replaced generators in the automobile. However, the usage for dynamo evolved before (say 100 years) the usage for alternator (say 25 years); thus the inventor of the alternator would probably feel uncomfortable being labelled with 'inventing' a device with an 'old' name. Probably, when buying an alternator from a parts store, you should stick with the conventional name. You might get some strange responses if you ordered a dynamo, or tried to install it in your car. 169.207.90.214 06:49, 3 Feb 2004 (UTC)

How does the media attempt to address the diversity represented in the American landscape?

Example of this would be the show All in the family. How does this television address the diversity represented in the american landscape and to what extent doe the media rely on sterotypes when dipicting a certain group and does it fostered a better understanding of diversity and multiculturalism? Please Justify

I hope your deadline is far enough away. People on Web sites will sometimes volunteer to do some of your homework for you, but here you'll usually get pointers to things you can look at; and looking up the things and thinking about them may take some time. For my own part, I can't provide any good sociological studies to look at; the best I could suggest would be to look at some media, like All in the Family tapes, while keeping these questions in mind. Might give you some ideas. Dandrake 21:45, Jan 27, 2004 (UTC)

I agree, but as a hint--think sopranos. Ilyanep 14:29, 1 Feb 2004 (UTC)

Dairy Goats

Hello, i posted information about the saanen and oberhasli dairy goats, i was wondering if there was any way to post pictures so that people could get a visual?

Thank you very much Jennifer Frutos

JennifFrut@aol.com

There is a defined method of uploading pictures to the wikipedia. Go to Special:Upload. Ensure you read the information there before uploading. akaDruid 17:32, 27 Jan 2004 (UTC)

Slav migration from Illyricum

The Russian Primary Chronical says the Slavs originally lived in Illyricum. Does anyone know of any documentation to substantiate this?

"Originally" is so tricky. Originally, according to most anthropologists, we are all from Africa, so the issue begs the question of what date is being talked about. Is this a claim about pre-Roman times? Unless I am very mistaken, during Roman times, no significant group of Slavs were ever inside the Empire and according to the generally reliable (if inevitably imprecise) Penguin Atlas of Medieval History, in A.D. 362 (the first date it covers) the Slavs were in the north, sandwiched between the Finns and Ostrogoths. Is this helpful, or are we talking even earlier? -- Jmabel 18:27, 27 Jan 2004 (UTC)

collective nouns

Wikipedia Does the collective noun 'slaughter' exist? I have heard 'slaughter of lambs'!!! Thanks Martin

See collective noun for several lists. If you find a mistake or something missing, edit it. Enjoy. --Phil 08:48, Jan 28, 2004 (UTC)

Graves Basedow

Someone posted the following on a (now deleted page) which is linked to from Graves-Basedow disease:

HOla mi nombre es carolina no escribo bien el inglés, me detectaron Graves Basedow hace 2 semanas tengo oftalmopatía pero unilateral me midieron con el exoftalmómetro 12 en un lado y 14 en el otro, usaré anteojos, me dieron tratameitno con yodo radioactivo hace 2 días, mo pregunta es??? si esta se exacerbará y si ecsite tratamietno independiente del hipertiroidismo??' mi correo es: aleo16@latinmail.com

which google very roughly translates to:

Hello my name has been carolina I do not write the English well, detected Graves Basedow to me for 2 weeks I have oftalmopatía but unilateral they measured to me with exoftalmómetro 12 in a side and 14 in the other, I will use eyeglasses, gave tratameitno me with radioactive iodine for 2 days, mo asks is? if this will be exacerbará and if ecsite tratamietno independent of the hyperthyroidism ' my mail is: aleo16@latinmail.com

I pass the question on without comment. Perhaps someone knows of a suitable newsgroup/website?-- Finlay McWalter 00:58, 30 Jan 2004 (UTC)

Trying to get this closer to English (there were some misspellings etc. even in the Spanish):

Hello my name is Carolina. I do not write the English well, two weeks ago they found that I have Graves Basedow. I have ophthtalmopathy, but unilateral. They measured to me with exophthalmometer as 12 on one side and 14 on the other. I will use eyeglasses; they treated me with radioactive iodine 2 days ago. My question is: whether this will worse and whether there is treatment independent of hyperthyroidism ' my email is: aleo16@latinmail.com

If anyone has a response & needs it translated to email to Carolina, just leave it here, I or someone else can translate to Spanish & send it.

Spanish VP or Reference desk sounds better for this. --Menchi (Talk)â 07:40, 31 Jan 2004 (UTC)

Good thought. I've posted it on es:Wikipedia:Consultas. Jmabel 11:53, 31 Jan 2004 (UTC)

I don't know what Carolina means by "independent treatment". If she means "is there a need to treat the specific manifestation of exophthalmos other than treating the underlying thyroid disease", the answer is that generally it is not treated separately: if it does not resolve with treatment of the thyroid disease, and if it is severe or disfiguring, it can be treated by various means, including surgery. (A search on "exophthalmos treatment" will show various treatments). The other question seems to be "will my exophthalmos (eyeball protrusion) improve or get worse?" to which the answer is: everyone is different, and in most cases treating the hyperthyroidism means the exophthalmos will not get worse: however, the exophthalmos doesn't always get better, and if it does, may take a long time to do so. There's no way to predict if she will have improvement or not: it's a case of "wait-and-see". It might be worth mentioning that many people need to take thyroid hormones after getting radioactive iodine treatment, so she needs to keep up with her doctor visits and testing. And she should ask her doctor these same questions on her return visit. - Nunh-huh 20:58, 5 Feb 2004 (UTC)

How to research a corporation that may no longer be in business

I am attempting to research the financial viability of some old stock certificates-- How is that done? The information that I have, as an example, Name: Inter World TV Films, Inc. Incorporated: 1952, Delaware. I have done multiple web searchs at different sites with no luck. Thank you for any help. M. Lane littleprince1977@yahoo.com

Hehe. Everything in incooperated here. :) Tell you what - if you can figure out the name of the agency you want to call, I'll look it up and post the phone number here for you. →Raul654 05:18, Jan 31, 2004 (UTC)

From the article on Delaware corporation, I found the Delaware Division of Corporations website. Gentgeen 08:40, 31 Jan 2004 (UTC)

Sichuan

Is it true that "Sichuan" means "four rivers"? If so, what are the four rivers? Dominus 05:07, 1 Feb 2004 (UTC)

Yes, the Min Jiang, the Jialing Jiang, the Tuo Jiang, and the Wu Jiang, according to this mailing-list post. Jiang means "river", in this case, as in Chang Jiang. Yes, chuan means river too. He means rivers too (Huang He). --Menchi (Talk)â 05:30, 1 Feb 2004 (UTC)

Actinides make salt

If you add an actinide with some other chemical (don't remember which) you can theoretically get radioactive salt. Can anybody direct me to a place that shows the characteristics of it? Ilyanep 14:24, 1 Feb 2004 (UTC)

A salt is a compound consisting of a cation (positive) and an anion (negative). All actinides are metals, and hence form cations. To make a salt, you just need to combine the actinide with any anion, for example chloride, fluoride, carbonate, etc. A well-known actinide salt is uranium hexafluoride. Uranium hexafluoride is sturdy enough to survive boiling, an invaluable property for uranium enrichment. See enriched uranium, isotope separation and this description of uranium hexafluoride. -- Tim Starling 10:19, Feb 2, 2004 (UTC)

4-pin-to-6-pin FireWire adapter

Hi, I'm about to buy an iPod, and the specs include '4-pin-to-6-pin FireWire adapter' as an included item. What does this do? Is this an adapter for the player or an adapter for my comp.? (asking because I really don't want to spend $30 to buy a firewire card for my comp. and then find out I don't need it) Ilyanep 16:03, 1 Feb 2004 (UTC)

as far as I understand it is an adapter for connecting a 4pin firewire device to a 6pin firewire port. It seems to be like the case with the USB Type A and USB Type B. Optim 16:47, 1 Feb 2004 (UTC)

alright. That's what I thought, but they don't explain it anywhere on their site. Thanks. Ilyanep 16:58, 1 Feb 2004 (UTC)

Its actually the other way around. The adapter is included to connect a 6pin fw-device (The Ipod) to a 4 pin fw port. Mads

MISSING VICE PRESIDENTS

After their presidents died, did the following finish the terms with no vice-president at all? If so, who was next in the succession?

After Roosevelt died, 1945 to 1948, President Truman served with ____________?

After Kennedy died, 1963 to 1964, President Johnson served with ___________?

Thank you.

In both cases, no Vice President. Prior to the Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution, if a president died in office, there would be no vice president for the remainder of the term. -- Jmabel 00:15, 2 Feb 2004 (UTC)

By the laws that were then in place, the next in succession for Truman was the Secretary of State from 1945 to 1947, and the Speaker of the House from July 18, 1947 on. Johnson's was the Speaker of the House.

Looking at the pages this gives the following next-in-lines:

For Truman: Edward Stettinius Jr., James F. Byrnes, George C. Marshall, possibly Sam Rayburn, Joseph William Martin, Jr.

For Johnson: John William McCormack

There have been two more recent case where there was no vice-president:

After vice-president Spiro Agnew resigned on 10 October 1973, the Speaker of the House was the next-in-line, which at the time was Carl Albert.

Gerald Ford became president upon Richard Nixon's resignation on 9 August 1974, but Nelson Rockefeller became vice-president on 19 December of that year. In the period in between, the next-in-line was again Carl Albert. Andre Engels 02:32, 3 Feb 2004 (UTC)

Some more trivia: No vice-president had two non-consecutive periods, but still Albert was not the first 'de facto vice-president' who had two periods of office. William R. King as president pro-tempore of the Senate was 'second in line' to president Millard Fillmore from the death of president Zachary Taylor on 9 July 1850 until 20 December 1852, then was the regular vice-president of Franklin Pierce from 4 March 1853 until his death on 18 April 1853. David R. Atchinson, president pro-tempore of the Senate, succeeded him on both occasions, and thus was next-in-line from 20 December 1852 to 4 March 1853 and from 18 April 1853 to 4 December 1854. John Hay, as Secretary of State, was second-in-line from 21 November 1899 to 3 March 1901 after the death of vice-president Garrett A. Hobart to and again from 14 September 1901 to 3 March 1905 after the assassination of president William McKinley.

Conquistadores

Longish item on the conquistador sons of Pedro Serrano and Catalina Fernandez, and their Mexico & New Mexico descendants, moved to Talk:Conquistador/Ancestry, along with contact information for the person who posted it. Moved because it was not a question, it was just a statement. -- Jmabel 00:32, 2 Feb 2004 (UTC)

TeX help

I was trying to replicate the equation title of track 2 on Aphex Twin's Windowlicker. This site has a GIF representation. When I input my TeX version, I get several errors. Can you tell me what is wrong with it?

<math>\delta M_i^{-1} = - \propto \sum_{n=1}^N D_i \left[ n \right] \left[ \sum_{j \in C \left{i\right} } F_{j i} \left[ n - 1 \right] + Fext_i \left[ n^-1 \right] \right]</math>

$\Delta M_{i}^{-1}=-\sum _{n=1}^{N}D_{i}[n]\left[\sum _{j\in C\{i\}}F_{ji}[n-1]+Fext_{i}[n^{-1}]\right]$ - I have to check on propto, however, but I gotta scoot. Dysprosia 10:10, 2 Feb 2004 (UTC)

meaning of the greek name: Efigenia or Ifigenia or Iphigenia

Well, the actual question seems to have disappeared, but the name means "mighty-born", if that helps. Adam Bishop 20:29, 4 Feb 2004 (UTC)