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"More soluble" than what?

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Considering this sentence under "Gout": "One treatment for gout, in the 19th century, had been administration of lithium salts;[31] lithium urate is more soluble." "More soluble" than....? I think this needs to be re-worded; I was always taught never to use the comparative unless you're actually comparing two or more things.

How about:

" ... because lithium urate is more soluble than naturally occurring uric acid in the body, it was mistakenly believed that it would relieve gout."

Or perhaps we could identify what lithium urate is specifically more soluble than. I would think ammonium urate? (I'm not sure about that, but the chart above does lead to that implication.)

As a reference for this, one could cite the following: https://cen.acs.org/articles/91/i26/Lithium-Treating-Gout.html

Fraenkel, Gideon. Letters, "Lithium For Treating Gout," Chemical & Engineering News. Volume 91, Issue 26, p. 2, July 1, 2013.

(I don't know the correct citation format yet for Wikipedia, so that's probably wrong above, but all the info is there.)

In this letter, Dr. Fraenkel writes: "Needless to say, gout symptoms were not alleviated by lithium salts...."

--BetseyTrotwood (talk) 21:13, 7 April 2014 (UTC)[reply]

Speculation about cognition

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I wonder if the association with cognition may be due to uridine, which then can be more safely raised in normal people by a triacetyluridine supplement. --IO Device (talk) 00:21, 10 August 2014 (UTC)[reply]

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Rodents

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Since MSU and uric acid are studied in rodents and one study in mice is cited, why are no rodent data presented, while all discussion of the topics relate to either humans, or in nonhumans other than rodents? MaynardClark (talk) 04:44, 6 October 2015 (UTC)[reply]

I'm not familiar with the studies you're referring to, but I would imagine that these were studies where rodents were used as models for the chemical's effect on humans, rather than studying problems that naturally occur in rodents. Of course, if these studies provide useful information, then it would be good if that information was added to that article. Attaboy (talk) 17:56, 6 October 2015 (UTC)[reply]

As a cause of metabolic syndrome

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doi:10.1210/jc.2015-2527 JFW | T@lk 20:55, 7 November 2015 (UTC)[reply]

By evidence of the article link and information, elevated UA levels are a risk factor (or statistical association) for metabolic syndrome. Causality is not implied in that study; see[1]. --Zefr (talk) 22:53, 7 November 2015 (UTC)[reply]
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Error: Chemistry: First synthesis of uric acid

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Presently, in this article's "Chemistry" section, it is stated that: "As far as laboratory synthesis is concerned, in 1882, Ivan Horbaczewski claimed to have prepared uric acid by melting urea hydrogen peroxide with glycine, trichlorolactic acid, and its amide."

I read Horbaczewski's account of his synthesis in this source:

Johann Horbaczewski (1882) "Synthese der Harnsäure" (Synthesis of uric acid), Monatshefte für Chemie und verwandte Teile anderer Wissenschaften … , 3 : 796–797.

On p. 796, Horbaczewski states that he synthesized uric acid by melting, at 200-230°C, "glycocoll" (glycine, obtained from hippuric acid) with synthetic urea (obtained from ammonium cyanate). During the course of the reaction, the initially clear and colorless liquid became a turbid brownish yellow mixture. Upon cooling, the solidified product was dissolved in KOH; the solution was supersaturated with ammonium chloride; and the uric acid precipitated with a mixture of magnesia and silver [chloride] in KOH / NH4OH. The precipitate was washed with dilute KOH / NH4OH, and the silver was removed from the precipitate by adding potassium sulfide, which precipitated silver sulfide. The filtrate was acidified with HCl, and after concentrating it in a water bath, uric acid precipitated. The raw product was twice more dissolved in KOH and isolated from solution as described above. The final result was a yellow crystalline powder.

There's no mention of hydrogen peroxide or trichlorolactic acid or its amide.

It was only in 1887 that Horbaczewski attempted to produce uric acid by melting urea with the amide of trichlorolactic acid:

Johann Horbaczewski (1887) "Über eine neue Synthese und die Constitution der Harnsäure" (On a new synthesis and the constitution of uric acid), Monatshefte für Chemie und verwandte Teile anderer Wissenschaften … , 8 : 201–207.

The German chemist Emil Fischer, who investigated uric acid in detail, credited Horbaczewski with the first synthesis of uric acid:

Emil Fischer (1899) "Synthesen in der Puringruppe" (Syntheses in the purine group), Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft, 32 : 435–504, see especially p. 440.

From p. 440: "Im Jahre 1882 gelang dann Horbaczewski die erste Synthese der Harnsäure durch Schmelzen von Glycocoll und Harnstoff … " (In the year 1882 Horbaczewski then succeeded in the first synthesis of uric acid by melting glycine with urea … )

So in Fischer's opinion, Horbaczewski, not Eduard Hoffmann, was the first to synthesize uric acid. Indeed, Fischer doesn't even mention Hoffmann.

VexorAbVikipædia (talk) 10:50, 19 April 2016 (UTC)[reply]

Tumor lysis syndrome

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Other than having high blood uric acid levels as a symptom, it's questionable whether this has sufficient content and source evidence to include it among "clinical significance". Further, the sources are mainly WP:PRIMARY, i.e., a case report topic. Please review WP:MEDASSESS for background. --Zefr (talk) 21:56, 31 October 2017 (UTC)[reply]

Tumor lysis syndrome is a metabolic disorder of hyperuricemia, hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, and hyperkalemia occurring in the context of chemotherapy for a bulky malignancy, either solid, or liquid, such as a a leukemia or lymphoma. It may arise spontaneously as well, as there are case reports of spontaneous tumor lysis syndrome occurring in high grade lymphomas,[1]as well as small cell lung cancer,[2] colon adenocarcinoma,[3] cholangiocarcinoma,[4] endometrial cancer,[5] and prostate cancer.[6] The hyperuricemia is due to release of nucleobases from the destruction or turnover of the malignancy, and the hyperkalemia is due to the direct release of the intracellular cation into the plasma[7]. Tumor lysis syndrome is an oncologic emergency requiring consultation with either an oncologist or nephrologist, as its presentation may include hyperkalemia and/or acute renal failure. Treatment includes rasburicase, a recombinant urate oxidase, in order to reduce levels of poorly soluble uric acid in the plasma. Allopurinol may also be used to prevent ongoing purine catabolism to uric acid.

References

  1. ^ Mavani, Gaurang; Wolf, Vira; Orin, Gary (August 2014). "Spontaneous tumor lysis syndrome in a case of B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma". Clinical Kidney Journal. 7 (4): 422–423. doi:10.1093/ckj/sfu061. ISSN 2048-8505. PMC 4377807. PMID 25852927.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: PMC format (link)
  2. ^ Boonpheng, Boonphiphop; Murtaza, Ghulam; Ginn, David (January 2017). "Spontaneous Tumor Lysis Syndrome in a Patient with Metastatic Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Case Report". Case Reports in Oncology. 10 (1): 392–395. doi:10.1159/000474937. ISSN 1662-6575. PMC 5436011. PMID 28559826.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: PMC format (link)
  3. ^ Berringer, Ross (2017-09-12). "Spontaneous tumor lysis syndrome in a patient with newly diagnosed metastatic colonic adenocarcinoma". CJEM: 1–3. doi:10.1017/cem.2017.378. ISSN 1481-8035. PMID 28893339.
  4. ^ Ali, Alaa M.; Barbaryan, Aram; Zdunek, Teresita; Khan, Maliha; Voore, Prakruthi; Mirrakhimov, Aibek E. (April 2014). "Spontaneous tumor lysis syndrome in a patient with cholangiocarcinoma". Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology. 5 (2): E46–49. doi:10.3978/j.issn.2078-6891.2014.012. ISSN 2078-6891. PMC 3999622. PMID 24772347.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: PMC format (link)
  5. ^ Harada, Shinichi; Nagaharu, Keiki; Baba, Youichirou; Murata, Tetsuya; Mizuno, Toshiro; Kawakami, Keiki (2017). "Spontaneous Tumor Lysis Syndrome in a Patient with a Dedifferentiated Endometrial Adenocarcinoma". Case Reports in Oncological Medicine. 2017: 5103145. doi:10.1155/2017/5103145. ISSN 2090-6706. PMC 5591980. PMID 28929002.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: PMC format (link) CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  6. ^ Ignaszewski, Maya; Kohlitz, Patrick (September 2017). "Treatment-naïve spontaneous tumor lysis syndrome in metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma: An unusual suspect". The American Journal of Emergency Medicine. 35 (9): 1384.e1–1384.e2. doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2017.05.044. ISSN 1532-8171. PMID 28587951.
  7. ^ Howard, Scott C.; Jones, Deborah P.; Pui, Ching-Hon (2011-05-12). "The Tumor Lysis Syndrome". The New England journal of medicine. 364 (19): 1844–1854. doi:10.1056/NEJMra0904569. ISSN 0028-4793. PMC 3437249. PMID 21561350.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: PMC format (link)
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Correction of uric acid from 0.6 mg/100 mL to 6 mg/100 mL.

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The solubility of uric acid is wrong. I changed the solubility of uric acid from 0.6 mg/100 mL to 6 mg/100 mL. Source of solubility: [1]

Giordano1565 (talk) 08:05, 8 May 2018 (UTC)[reply]

References

  1. ^ https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/uric_acid#section=Experimental-Properties

Other names correction

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I have changed the 'other names' section. Previously this stated that 'other names' included 1H-Purine-2,6,8-triol. I have changed this to 1H-Purine-2,6,8-trione, that is I have replaced triol with trione. I think that 'triol' was an error as there are no hydroxy groups. I'm confident that I have corrected this properly but someone else might check.


Boleslaw (talk) 19:40, 6 April 2022 (UTC)[reply]

Anion form

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According to the "Theoretical Study of Uric Acid and its Ions in Aqueous Solution" article (DOI: 10.4172/2376-130X.1000104), the anion that is shown on this page is not correct, the negative charge is on either of the 2 other oxygen. Sciencationelle (talk) 15:20, 1 March 2023 (UTC)[reply]

Solubility Data Weird Units?

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Is anyone else annoyed about the “grams of water to dissolve a gram of compound” solubility unit of measure? I’d like to update this but I was just curious if there was a good reason to keep it this one? Mg per mL or Mg per L would be much more standard in my mind. Arts and Sciences (talk) 15:25, 5 April 2023 (UTC)[reply]

I agree. The solubility is correctly and sufficiently given in the infobox as 6 mg/100 ml, as reported by Pubchem. The water solubiity section is unnecessarily long and complicated by the other salts. The table is unnecessary, and the section could be reduced to one sentence. Zefr (talk) 15:41, 5 April 2023 (UTC)[reply]

Why remove myogenic hyperuricemia?

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Myogenic hyperuricemia as a result of a low ATP reservoir within the muscle cell causing the use of the adenylate kinase (myokinase) reaction and subsequent use of the Purine Nucleotide Cycle which causes a buildup of AMP. The AMP is eventually converted into uric acid. Why remove the entry, the conditions that cause a low ATP reservoir within the muscle cell, and their citations? WikEric7 (talk) 04:36, 25 April 2023 (UTC)[reply]

No WP:MEDRS review was provided to support such an assertion which is based on primary research and your synthesis of concepts, WP:SYNTH. Zefr (talk) 05:01, 25 April 2023 (UTC)[reply]

Image uric acid crystals

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Dear Zefr,

Why did you delete my image. I work in a hospital laboratory and the image at the top of the page shows uric acid needles in synovial fluid in someone with gout. The image I posted of uric acid crystals in urine have a completely different shape and are the cause of kidney stones. Bert Grijsen Laboratorium en Hobby (talk) 08:47, 28 January 2024 (UTC)[reply]

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