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Clark County, Arkansas

Coordinates: 34°05′20″N 93°09′50″W / 34.08889°N 93.16389°W / 34.08889; -93.16389
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Clark County
County
Clark County Courthouse in Arkadelphia
Clark County Courthouse in Arkadelphia
Map of Arkansas highlighting Clark County
Location within the U.S. state of Arkansas
Map of the United States highlighting Arkansas
Arkansas's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 34°05′20″N 93°09′50″W / 34.088888888889°N 93.163888888889°W / 34.088888888889; -93.163888888889
Country United States
State Arkansas
FoundedDecember 15, 1818
Named forWilliam Clark
SeatArkadelphia
Largest cityArkadelphia
Area
 • Total883 sq mi (2,290 km2)
 • Land866 sq mi (2,240 km2)
 • Water17 sq mi (40 km2)  1.9%
Population
 (2020)
 • Total21,446
 • Density24/sq mi (9.4/km2)
Time zoneUTC−6 (Central)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−5 (CDT)
Congressional district4th
Websiteclarkcountyar.gov

Clark County is a county located in the south-central part of the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2020 census, the population was 21,446.[1] The county seat is Arkadelphia.[2] The Arkadelphia, AR Micropolitan Statistical Area includes all of Clark County.

History

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Ancient Indigenous peoples occupied areas along the waterways for thousands of years prior to European exploration. Among the various cultures was the Caddoan Mississippian culture, which developed by 1000 AD and occupied certain sites in Arkansas at different times. This was the westernmost expression of the Mississippian culture, which developed a vast network and numerous centers of development throughout the Mississippi Valley and its tributaries. The Caddoans constructed substantial earthwork mounds in the areas of Arkansas and Texas; the largest in Arkansas is Battle Mound Site, built from 1200 to 1400 AD in what is present-day Lafayette County. Archeological evidence has established there was unbroken continuity from the Caddoan Mississippian people to the historic Caddo people and related Caddo-language speakers who encountered the first Europeans. Their descendants formed the modern Caddo Nation of Oklahoma.[3]

19th century

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Settlers in the 19th century found earthwork mounds, 10 to 15 feet in height, in areas around what developed as Arkadelphia, Arkansas. Some were excavated for pottery and other grave goods.[4]

At the time of European-American settlement after the United States acquired this territory in the Louisiana Purchase of 1803, the pioneers encountered three major Native American tribes: the Caddo, who lived along the banks of the Caddo River; the Quapaw on the Ouachita River, for several miles below what is now Arkadelphia; and the Lenape (known then as Delaware, who were driven to this area by European pressure from the mid-Atlantic East Coast) along the lower Ouachita to below present-day Camden. (This site had been named as Écore à Fabre, after a colonial French trader Fabre.)[4]

Clark County was the third county formed by Americans in Arkansas, on December 15, 1818, together with Hempstead and Pulaski counties. The county is named after William Clark, then Governor of the Missouri Territory, which included present-day Arkansas. On November 1, 1833, the Arkansas territorial legislature created Pike County from western Clark County and part of northern Hempstead County. It was named after US explorer Zebulon Pike.

Arkadelphia was designated as the county seat in 1842. It became increasingly important as a hub after railroads were constructed to here that connected with numerous markets. Timber harvesting became important by the end of the century. By 1890, forest products were ranked next to agriculture in economic importance. In the 20th century, continued modern technological developments established the industry's continued importance in the county's economy.

Three of the six lynchings recorded in Clark County from 1877 to 1950[5] took place in a mass event in late January 1879. An African-American man, Ben Daniels, and three of his four sons (ranging in age from 22 to 18) were arrested as suspects in an alleged robbery and assault of a white man and held in the county jail. Daniels and two of his sons were forcibly taken out of the jail by a white mob and lynched by hanging from trees in the courthouse square, without trial. One son, believed to be Charles Daniels (22), survived for trial. He was convicted and served in prison until about 1886 or 1887.[6]

20th century to present

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From 1920 to 1960, the county population declined, as may be seen on the table below. The cotton culture had been affected by the invasion of the boll weevil, which attacked the plants; and mechanization of agriculture, reducing the need for workers. In this period, many African-American families, who still constituted most of the farm workers, also left Arkansas and other parts of the rural South to escape Jim Crow oppression and seek better employment in Northern and Midwestern cities in the Great Migration. In the latter part of this period, some migrated to the West Coast, where the defense industry developed during and after World War II offered higher paying jobs.

At the same time, the lumber industry declined, also causing a loss of jobs. Several companies had operated sawmills and related businesses in Clark County in the early part of the century. The founders of the lumber town Graysonia, Arkansas moved to Springfield, Oregon, renaming their company as Roseboro Lumber. While manufacturing industries had entered the county, several had a downturn in the 1980s.

In the 1970s, the DeGray Dam and Lake were completed along the Caddo River, providing new areas in the county for tourism and recreation, which have become major components of the economy.

Geography

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According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 883 square miles (2,290 km2), of which 866 square miles (2,240 km2) is land and 17 square miles (44 km2) (1.9%) is water.[7]

Major highways

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Adjacent counties

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Demographics

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Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
18301,369—
18402,30968.7%
18504,07076.3%
18609,735139.2%
187011,95322.8%
188015,77131.9%
189020,99733.1%
190021,2891.4%
191023,68611.3%
192025,6328.2%
193024,932−2.7%
194024,402−2.1%
195022,998−5.8%
196020,950−8.9%
197021,5372.8%
198023,3268.3%
199021,437−8.1%
200023,5469.8%
201022,995−2.3%
202021,446−6.7%
2023 (est.)21,274[8]−0.8%
U.S. Decennial Census[9]
1790–1960[10] 1900–1990[11]
1990–2000[12] 2010[13]
Age pyramid Clark County[14]

2020 census

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Clark County racial composition[15]
Race Num. Perc.
White (non-Hispanic) 14,093 65.71%
Black or African American (non-Hispanic) 5,068 23.63%
Native American 76 0.35%
Asian 150 0.7%
Pacific Islander 16 0.07%
Other/Mixed 951 4.43%
Hispanic or Latino 1,092 5.09%

As of the 2020 United States census, there were 21,446 people, 8,446 households, and 5,253 families residing in the county.

2000 census

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As of the 2000 census,[16] there were 23,546 people, 8,912 households, and 5,819 families residing in the county. The population density was 27 people per square mile (10 people/km2). There were 10,166 housing units at an average density of 12 units per square mile (4.6 units/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 74.28% White, 22.02% Black or African American, 0.46% Native American, 0.62% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 1.37% from other races, and 1.20% from two or more races. 2.40% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 8,912 households, out of which 29.80% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.80% were married couples living together, 12.20% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.70% were non-families. 27.60% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.40% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.38 and the average family size was 2.91.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 21.70% under the age of 18, 20.00% from 18 to 24, 23.80% from 25 to 44, 19.90% from 45 to 64, and 14.60% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females there were 92.70 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.90 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $28,845, and the median income for a family was $37,092. Males had a median income of $28,692 versus $19,886 for females. The per capita income for the county was $14,533. About 13.50% of families and 19.10% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.90% of those under age 18 and 18.40% of those age 65 or over.

Culture

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An alcohol prohibition (dry) county since 1943, Clark County voted in 2011 to make the county wet, allowing countywide retail alcohol sales.[17]

Politics and government

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John Kerry was the last Democrat to win the county in a presidential election, in 2004. John McCain and Mitt Romney defeated Barack Obama by single-digit margins here, and Donald Trump beat former Arkansas First Lady Hillary Clinton by a nine-point margin. Four years later, Trump defeated Joe Biden by a margin of over 14 points, the largest margin for a Republican since Richard Nixon defeated George McGovern by over 20 points in 1972. Mike Ross was the last Democrat to win the county in a gubernatorial election, in 2014. Conner Eldridge was the last Democrat to win the county in a US Senate election, in 2016.

As of 2023, Clark County is split between districts 89 and 90 in the Arkansas House of Representatives and fully contained within District 3 in the Arkansas Senate.[18][19] All three seats are held by Republicans Justin Gonzales, Richard Womack, and Steve Crowell, respectively.[20][21]

County Officials

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Republicans hold every county-wide office except the Sheriff and Collector, and have a seven-to-four super-majority on the Quorum Court. Most positions regularly go unopposed with only one candidate making the general election ballot.[22][23][24] Democrats picked up one seat in 2022 by flipping District 2.[25]

County-Wide Officials[22][23]
Office Officeholder Party
County Judge Troy Tucker Republican
County Clerk Tracey Rider Republican
Sheriff and Collector Jason Watson Democratic
Circuit Clerk Brian Daniel Republican
Assessor Mona Vance Republican
Treasurer Karen Arnold Republican
Coroner Tim Welch Republican
Constable George Hawthorn Republican
Quorum Court[22][23][24]
District Justice of the Peace Party District description
1 Zach Bledsoe Democratic North-east Arkadelphia, including Ouachita Baptist University
2 Michael L. Ankton Democratic Most of southern Arkadelphia
3 Vanilla Nelson Hannah Democratic North-central Arkadelphia, including Henderson State University
4 Albert Neal Democratic Stretches from central Arkadelphia to south-east Arkadelphia
5 Jimmy King Republican North-west Arkadelphia
6 Mark Overturf Republican North-central Clark County, including part of Hollywood, with an arm reaching north-west into parts of Alpine and Fendley
7 Jenna Scott Republican North-east Clark County, including Caddo Valley and Joan
8 Garry (B.J.) Johns Republican North-west Clark County, including Amity and parts of Alpine and Fendley
9 Andrea Angle Republican Starts just south of Okolona and stretches south-east, including Burtsell, most of Gurdon, and part of Beirne
10 Wayne Baumgardner Republican Stretches from central Clark County to its western border with Pike County, including Okolona, Boswell, and part of Hollywood
11 Tracy Ellis Drake Republican South-east Clark County, including Whelen Springs, Barringer, Kansas, Vaden, and part of Gurdon, with an arm reaching north to Curtis and Gum Springs
United States presidential election results for Clark County, Arkansas[26]
Year Republican Democratic Third party(ies)
No.  % No.  % No.  %
2020 4,616 54.99% 3,438 40.95% 341 4.06%
2016 4,404 51.65% 3,620 42.46% 502 5.89%
2012 4,343 51.65% 3,811 45.32% 255 3.03%
2008 4,608 50.67% 4,267 46.92% 219 2.41%
2004 4,144 44.99% 4,990 54.17% 77 0.84%
2000 3,776 43.77% 4,661 54.03% 189 2.19%
1996 2,112 26.00% 5,281 65.02% 729 8.98%
1992 2,403 26.93% 5,767 64.64% 752 8.43%
1988 3,389 41.69% 4,675 57.50% 66 0.81%
1984 4,185 47.27% 4,638 52.39% 30 0.34%
1980 2,743 29.97% 6,122 66.89% 288 3.15%
1976 1,816 21.42% 6,641 78.32% 22 0.26%
1972 4,173 59.96% 2,741 39.38% 46 0.66%
1968 1,642 22.96% 2,733 38.22% 2,776 38.82%
1964 1,884 31.21% 4,127 68.36% 26 0.43%
1960 1,357 26.70% 3,295 64.82% 431 8.48%
1956 1,973 40.76% 2,809 58.04% 58 1.20%
1952 1,679 36.13% 2,963 63.76% 5 0.11%
1948 383 15.27% 1,750 69.75% 376 14.99%
1944 637 24.30% 1,981 75.58% 3 0.11%
1940 311 13.36% 2,008 86.29% 8 0.34%
1936 193 8.92% 1,962 90.71% 8 0.37%
1932 183 5.66% 3,037 93.88% 15 0.46%
1928 913 33.37% 1,817 66.41% 6 0.22%
1924 483 25.29% 1,223 64.03% 204 10.68%
1920 1,020 40.06% 1,507 59.19% 19 0.75%
1916 678 25.56% 1,975 74.44% 0 0.00%
1912 376 21.78% 1,051 60.89% 299 17.32%
1908 1,007 43.48% 1,206 52.07% 103 4.45%
1904 732 44.74% 722 44.13% 182 11.12%
1900 753 35.54% 1,232 58.14% 134 6.32%
1896 833 29.49% 1,910 67.61% 82 2.90%

Communities

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Incorporated cities

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Incorporated towns

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Census-designated places

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Other unincorporated communities

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Ghost towns and former communities

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Townships

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Note: Unlike most Arkansas counties, Clark County has only one township. That township encompasses the entire county.

Townships in Arkansas are the divisions of a county. Each township includes unincorporated areas; some may have incorporated cities or towns within part of their boundaries. Arkansas townships have limited purposes in modern times. However, the United States census does list Arkansas population based on townships (sometimes referred to as "county subdivisions" or "minor civil divisions"). Townships are also of value for historical purposes in terms of genealogical research. Each town or city is within one or more townships in an Arkansas county based on census maps and publications. The townships of Clark County are listed below; listed in parentheses are the cities, towns, and/or census-designated places that are fully or partially inside the township. [41][42]

  • Caddo

Notable residents

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Census - Geography Profile: Clark County, Arkansas". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 19, 2023.
  2. ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
  3. ^ "Tejas-Caddo Fundamentals-Caddoan Languages and Peoples". Archived from the original on March 10, 2010. Retrieved February 4, 2010.
  4. ^ a b Laura Scott Butler, "History of Clark County" Archived September 15, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Publications of The Arkansas Historical Association; Edited by John Hugh Reynolds; Vol. 1; 1906
  5. ^ "Summary: Lynching in America, 3rd edition, 2015" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on October 23, 2017. Retrieved October 22, 2017.
  6. ^ Nancy Snell Griffith, "Arkadelphia Lynching of 1879/ aka: Lynching of Daniels Family" Archived October 23, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, Arkansas Encyclopedia of History and Culture, February 11, 2016; accessed October 22, 2017
  7. ^ "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Archived from the original on September 4, 2015. Retrieved August 25, 2015.
  8. ^ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Counties: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2023". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved March 30, 2024.
  9. ^ "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved August 25, 2015.
  10. ^ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Archived from the original on August 11, 2012. Retrieved August 25, 2015.
  11. ^ Forstall, Richard L., ed. (March 27, 1995). "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved August 25, 2015.
  12. ^ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. April 2, 2001. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 18, 2014. Retrieved August 25, 2015.
  13. ^ "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on June 7, 2011. Retrieved May 20, 2014.
  14. ^ Based on 2000 census data
  15. ^ "Explore Census Data". data.census.gov. Retrieved December 10, 2021.
  16. ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 14, 2011.
  17. ^ "Arkansas decides wet counties". KSLA-12 News. Shreveport, Louisiana: Gray Television. AP. November 3, 2010. Retrieved July 19, 2023.
  18. ^ "2021 House Boundaries" (PDF). Arkansas Board of Apportionment. November 24, 2021. Retrieved March 3, 2023.
  19. ^ "2021 Senate Boundaries" (PDF). Arkansas Board of Apportionment. November 24, 2021. Retrieved March 3, 2023.
  20. ^ "Members of the 94th General Assembly - Arkansas House of Representatives". www.arkansashouse.org. Retrieved March 3, 2023.
  21. ^ "Senators". Arkansas Senate. Retrieved March 3, 2023.
  22. ^ a b c "2023 County & District Officials" (PDF). Association of Arkansas Counties. December 8, 2022. Retrieved March 3, 2023.
  23. ^ a b c "2022 General Election and Nonpartisan Judicial Runoff Election". Arkansas Secretary of State. November 8, 2022. Retrieved March 3, 2023.
  24. ^ a b "Quorum Court – Clark County Arkansas". Retrieved March 3, 2023.
  25. ^ Phelps, Joel (November 9, 2022). "Hannah, Johns, Angle keep JP seats; Buscher ousted". News in Arkadelphia and Southwest Arkansas. Retrieved March 3, 2023.
  26. ^ "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". Archived from the original on July 9, 2018. Retrieved November 18, 2016.
  27. ^ Sesser, David (June 12, 2019). "Barringer (Clark County)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved March 3, 2023.
  28. ^ Sesser, David (June 21, 2021). "Boswell (Clark County)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved March 3, 2023.
  29. ^ Sesser, David (February 18, 2023). "Burtsell (Clark County)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved March 3, 2021.
  30. ^ Worthan, Jacob (January 18, 2023). "Curtis (Clark County)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved March 3, 2023.
  31. ^ Sesser, David (June 21, 2021). "Fendley (Clark County)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved March 3, 2023.
  32. ^ Worthan, Jacob (December 8, 2021). "Hollywood (Clark County)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved March 3, 2023.
  33. ^ Sesser, David (September 14, 2020). "Joan (Clark County)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved March 3, 2023.
  34. ^ Sesser, David (June 21, 2021). "Kansas (Clark County)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved March 3, 2023.
  35. ^ Sesser, David (September 14, 2020). "Vaden (Clark County)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved March 3, 2023.
  36. ^ Sesser, David (July 12, 2022). "Clear Spring (Clark County)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved March 3, 2023.
  37. ^ Pinkston, Lori (March 19, 2019). "Greenville (Clark County)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved March 3, 2023.
  38. ^ Sesser, David (September 14, 2020). "Halfway (Clark County)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved March 3, 2023.
  39. ^ Sesser, David (July 13, 2022). "Lenox (Clark County)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved March 3, 2023.
  40. ^ Worthan, Jacob (December 6, 2021). "Rome (Clark County)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved March 3, 2023.
  41. ^ 2011 Boundary and Annexation Survey (BAS): Clark County, AR (PDF) (Map). U. S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 19, 2012. Retrieved August 23, 2011.
  42. ^ "Arkansas: 2010 Census Block Maps - County Subdivision". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on May 28, 2014. Retrieved May 27, 2014.
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34°05′20″N 93°09′50″W / 34.08889°N 93.16389°W / 34.08889; -93.16389

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