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Nagoya

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Coordinates: 35°11′N 136°54′E / 35.183°N 136.900°E / 35.183; 136.900
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about the city in Japan. For other uses, see Nagoya (disambiguation).
Not to be confused with Nogoyá.
Nagoya
名古屋市
Designated city
Buildings in Sakae, Nagoya
Nagoya Castle
Nagoya TV Tower
Atsuta Shrine
Ōsu
Tokugawa Art Museum
Port of Nagoya
Flag of Nagoya
Flag
Official seal of Nagoya
Seal
Nickname: 
Chūkyō (中京)
Map
Interactive map outlining Nagoya
  Location of Nagoya in Aichi Prefecture
Nagoya is located in Central Japan
Nagoya
Nagoya
Nagoya is located in Japan
Nagoya
Nagoya
Coordinates: 35°11′N 136°54′E / 35.183°N 136.900°E / 35.183; 136.900
CountryJapan
RegionChūbu (Tōkai)
PrefectureAichi Prefecture
First official recorded199 AD
City SettledNovember 1, 1889
Government
 • Mayorvacant
 • Representatives5
Area
 • Designated city326.45 km2 (126.04 sq mi)
Population
 (June 1, 2021)
 • Designated city2,331,078 (3rd)
 • Density7,140.6/km2 (18,494/sq mi)
 • Metro
[1]
10,240,000 (3rd)
Time zoneUTC+09:00 (Japan Standard Time)
– TreeCamphor laurel
(Cinnamomum camphora)
– FlowerLilium
Phone number052-972-2017
Address3-1-1 Sannomaru, Naka-ku, Nagoya-shi, Aichi-ken 460-0001
Websitewww.city.nagoya.jp
[2]
Nagoya
"Nagoya" in kanji
Japanese name
Kanji名古屋
Hiraganaなごや
Katakanaナゴヤ
Transcriptions
RomanizationNagoya

Nagoya (名古屋市, Nagoya-shi, [naꜜɡoja] ⓘ) is the largest city in the Chūbu region of Japan. It is the fourth-most populous city in Japan, with a population of 2.3 million in 2020, and the principal city of the Chūkyō metropolitan area, which is the third-most populous metropolitan area in Japan with a population of 10.11 million.[3] Located on the Pacific coast in central Honshu, it is the capital and most populous city of Aichi Prefecture, with the Port of Nagoya being Japan's largest seaport.

In 1610, the warlord Tokugawa Ieyasu, a retainer of Oda Nobunaga, moved the capital of Owari Province from Kiyosu to Nagoya. This period saw the renovation of Nagoya Castle. The arrival of the 20th century brought a convergence of economic factors that fueled rapid growth in Nagoya, during the Meiji Restoration, and became a major industrial hub for Japan. The traditional manufactures of timepieces, bicycles, and sewing machines were followed by the production of special steels, ceramic, chemicals, oil, and petrochemicals, as the area's automobile, aviation, and shipbuilding industries flourished.[4] These factors made the city a target for air raids during the Pacific War.

Following the war, Nagoya's economy diversified, but the city remains a significant centre for industry and transport in Japan. It is linked with Tokyo, Kyōto, and Osaka by the Tokaido Shinkansen, and is home to the Nagoya Stock Exchange as well as the headquarters of Brother Industries, Ibanez, Lexus, and Toyota Tsusho, among others. Nagoya is home of educational institutes such as Nagoya University, the Nagoya Institute of Technology, and Nagoya City University. Famous landmarks in the city include Atsuta Shrine, Higashiyama Zoo and Botanical Gardens, Port of Nagoya Public Aquarium, Nagoya Castle, Hisaya Ōdori Park, and Nagoya TV Tower, one of the oldest TV towers in Japan. It will be the third Japanese city to host the 2026 Asian Games, after Tokyo 1958 and Hiroshima 1994.

Overview

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

The city's name was historically written as 那古野 or 名護屋 (both read as Nagoya). One possible origin is the adjective nagoyaka (和やか), meaning 'calm'.[5]

The name Chūkyō (中京), consisting of chū (middle) + kyō (capital) is also used to refer to Nagoya. Notable examples of the use of the name Chūkyō include the Chūkyō Industrial Area, Chūkyō Metropolitan Area, Chūkyō Television Broadcasting, Chukyo University and the Chukyo Racecourse.

Cityscape

[edit]

Geography and administrative divisions

[edit]
Satellite picture of Nagoya

Geography

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Nagoya lies north of Ise Bay on the Nōbi Plain. The city was built on low-level plateaus to ward off floodwaters. The plain is one of the nation's most fertile areas. The Kiso River flows to the west along the city border, and the Shōnai River comes from the northeast and turns south towards the bay at Nishi Ward. The human-made Hori River was constructed as a canal in 1610. It flows from north to south, as part of the Shōnai River system. The rivers allowed for trade with the hinterland. The Tempaku River feeds from a number of smaller river in the east, flows briefly south at Nonami and then west at Ōdaka into the bay.

The city's location and its position in the centre of Japan allowed it to develop economically and politically.

  • Gallery
  • Nagoya and Nobi Plain seen from Mirokuzan (Kasugai city)
    Nagoya and Nobi Plain seen from Mirokuzan (Kasugai city)
  • View of the Nōbi Plain, Kiso Three Rivers and Nagoya from Mount Sanpo and Mount Yōrō
    View of the Nōbi Plain, Kiso Three Rivers and Nagoya from Mount Sanpo and Mount Yōrō
  • Aerial photographs of Nagoya
    Aerial photographs of Nagoya
  • Nagoya Port in 2013
    Nagoya Port in 2013

Climate

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Nagoya has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification: Cfa) with hot, humid summers and cool winters. The summer is noticeably wetter than the winter, although rain falls throughout the year.

Climate data for Nagoya (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1890–present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 21.0
(69.8) 		23.5
(74.3) 		25.8
(78.4) 		30.5
(86.9) 		34.8
(94.6) 		37.9
(100.2) 		39.6
(103.3) 		40.3
(104.5) 		38.0
(100.4) 		32.7
(90.9) 		27.2
(81.0) 		22.6
(72.7) 		40.3
(104.5)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 9.3
(48.7) 		10.5
(50.9) 		14.5
(58.1) 		20.1
(68.2) 		24.6
(76.3) 		27.6
(81.7) 		31.4
(88.5) 		33.2
(91.8) 		29.1
(84.4) 		23.3
(73.9) 		17.3
(63.1) 		11.7
(53.1) 		21.1
(70.0)
Daily mean °C (°F) 4.8
(40.6) 		5.5
(41.9) 		9.2
(48.6) 		14.6
(58.3) 		19.4
(66.9) 		23.0
(73.4) 		26.9
(80.4) 		28.2
(82.8) 		24.5
(76.1) 		18.6
(65.5) 		12.6
(54.7) 		7.2
(45.0) 		16.2
(61.2)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 1.1
(34.0) 		1.4
(34.5) 		4.6
(40.3) 		9.7
(49.5) 		14.9
(58.8) 		19.4
(66.9) 		23.5
(74.3) 		24.7
(76.5) 		21.0
(69.8) 		14.8
(58.6) 		8.6
(47.5) 		3.4
(38.1) 		12.3
(54.1)
Record low °C (°F) −10.3
(13.5) 		−9.5
(14.9) 		−6.8
(19.8) 		−2.1
(28.2) 		2.8
(37.0) 		8.2
(46.8) 		14.0
(57.2) 		14.4
(57.9) 		9.5
(49.1) 		1.5
(34.7) 		−2.7
(27.1) 		−7.2
(19.0) 		−10.3
(13.5)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 50.8
(2.00) 		64.7
(2.55) 		116.2
(4.57) 		127.5
(5.02) 		150.3
(5.92) 		186.5
(7.34) 		211.4
(8.32) 		139.5
(5.49) 		231.6
(9.12) 		164.7
(6.48) 		79.1
(3.11) 		56.6
(2.23) 		1,578.9
(62.16)
Average snowfall cm (inches) 4
(1.6) 		5
(2.0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		3
(1.2) 		12
(4.7)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.5 mm) 6.3 7.2 9.8 10.4 10.7 12.7 13.0 9.4 11.9 10.0 7.0 7.5 115.9
Average relative humidity (%) 64 60 58 59 64 71 73 69 70 68 66 66 66
Mean monthly sunshine hours 174.5 175.5 199.7 200.2 205.5 151.8 166.0 201.3 159.6 168.9 167.1 170.3 2,141
Average ultraviolet index 2 4 6 7 9 10 10 10 8 6 3 2 6
Source: Japan Meteorological Agency[6]

Area

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Wards

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Nagoya City Hall

Nagoya has 16 wards.

Wards of Nagoya
Place Name Map of Nagoya
Rōmaji Kanji Population Land area in km2 Pop. density per km2
1 Atsuta-ku 熱田区 66,318 8.20 8,088
A map of Nagoya's Wards
A map of Nagoya's Wards
2 Chikusa-ku 千種区 165,863 18.18 9,123
3 Higashi-ku 東区 82,939 7.71 10,757
4 Kita-ku 北区 163,555 17.53 9,330
5 Meitō-ku 名東区 165,287 19.45 8,498
6 Midori-ku 緑区 247,475 37.91 6,528
7 Minami-ku 南区 136,015 18.46 7,368
8 Minato-ku 港区 143,913 45.64 3,153
9 Mizuho-ku 瑞穂区 107,622 11.22 9,592
10 Moriyama-ku 守山区 176,298 34.01 5,184
11 Naka-ku – administrative center 中区 90,918 9.38 9,693
12 Nakagawa-ku 中川区 220,782 32.02 6,895
13 Nakamura-ku 中村区 135,134 16.30 8,290
14 Nishi-ku 西区 150,480 17.93 8,393
15 Shōwa-ku 昭和区 110,436 10.94 10,095
16 Tenpaku-ku 天白区 164,522 21.58 7,624

Demographics

[edit]
Historical population
YearPop.±%
1873125,193—    
1889157,496+25.8%
1920677,452+330.1%
1925842,835+24.4%
1930991,833+17.7%
19351,182,837+19.3%
19401,415,117+19.6%
1945971,374−31.4%
19501,157,263+19.1%
19551,420,572+22.8%
19601,697,093+19.5%
19651,935,430+14.0%
19702,036,053+5.2%
19752,079,740+2.1%
19802,087,902+0.4%
19852,116,381+1.4%
19902,154,793+1.8%
19952,152,184−0.1%
20002,171,557+0.9%
20052,215,062+2.0%
20102,263,907+2.2%
20152,295,638+1.4%
20202,330,178+1.5%
Nagoya metropolitan employment area as of 2015

One of the earliest censuses, carried out in 1889, counted 157,496 residents. The population reached the 1 million mark in 1934 and as of December 2010 had an estimated population of 2,259,993 with a population density of 6,923 inhabitants per square kilometre (17,930/sq mi). Also as of December 2010 an estimated 1,019,859 households resided there—a significant increase from 153,370 at the end of the Pacific War in 1945.[7]

The area is 326.45 square kilometres (126.04 sq mi). Its metropolitan area extends into the Mie and Gifu prefectures, with a total population of about 10 million people, surpassed only by Osaka and Tokyo.

Surrounding municipalities

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History

[edit]
For a chronological guide, see Timeline of Nagoya.

Origins

[edit]
Jōmon period

In the Jomon and Yayoi period, the Ōguruwa Shell Midden was discovered before the settlement of Nagoya.

Kofun period

In the Kofun period, Nagoya was settled and the Danpusan Kofun and Shiratori Kofun was built in this area. The Atsuta Shrine is of ancient origin, it is home to the Imperial Regalia of Japan, the legendary sword Kusanagi no Tsurugi. According to traditional sources, Yamato Takeru died in 113 AD. The possessions of the dead prince were gathered together along with the sword Kusanagi; and his widow venerated his memory in a shrine at her home.

Heian period

The Seigan-ji was built by the Fujiwara clan in the late Heian period. A member served as the head priest of the nearby Atsuta Shrine, one of the legendary shrines of Japan. It is believed that Yura-Gozen, also known as Urahime, a daughter of Fujiwara no Suenori, was married to Minamoto no Yoshitomo (1123–60) and their son Minamoto no Yoritomo's birthplace is Nagoya, he is also the founder of the Kamakura shogunate.

Feudal period

[edit]
Azuchi–Momoyama period

Oda Nobunaga and his protégés Toyotomi Hideyoshi and Tokugawa Ieyasu were powerful warlords based in the Nagoya area who gradually succeeded in unifying Japan. In 1610, Tokugawa Ieyasu moved the capital of Owari Province from Kiyosu, about seven kilometers (4.3 miles) away, to a more strategic location in present-day Nagoya.

In May–June 1560, the Battle of Okehazama took place in Dengakuhazama, Owari Province which was just outside of what would become Nagoya city. In this battle, Oda Nobunaga defeated Imagawa Yoshimoto and established himself as one of the leading warlords in the Sengoku period.[8]

Early modern period

[edit]

During this period Nagoya Castle was constructed, built partly from materials taken from Kiyosu Castle. During the construction, the entire town around Kiyosu Castle, consisting of around 60,000 people, moved from Kiyosu to the newly planned town around Nagoya Castle.[9] Around the same time, the nearby ancient Atsuta Shrine was designated as a waystation, called Miya (the Shrine), on the important Tōkaidō road, which linked the two capitals of Kyoto and Edo (now Tokyo). A town developed around the temple to support travelers. The castle and shrine towns formed the city.

Modern period

[edit]
Meiji period

During the Meiji Restoration Japan's provinces were restructured into prefectures and the government changed from family to bureaucratic rule. Nagoya was proclaimed a city on October 1, 1889, and designated a city on 1 September 1956, by government ordinance. Nagoya became an industrial hub for the region. Its economic sphere included the famous pottery towns of Tokoname, Tajimi and Seto, as well as Okazaki, one of the only places where gunpowder was produced under the shogunate. Other industries included cotton and complex mechanical dolls called karakuri ningyō.

Taisho period

Mitsubishi Aircraft Company was established in 1920 in Nagoya and became one of the largest aircraft manufacturers in Japan. The availability of space and the central location of the region and the well-established connectivity were some of the major factors that lead to the establishment of the aviation industry there.

Pacific War and post-war years

Nagoya was the target of air raids during the Pacific War. The population of Nagoya at this time was estimated to be 1.5 million, fourth among Japanese cities and one of the three largest centers of the Japanese aircraft industry. It was estimated that 25% of its workers were engaged in aircraft production. Important Japanese aircraft targets (numbers 193, 194, 198, 2010, and 1729) were within the city itself, while others (notably 240 and 1833) were to the north of Kagamigahara. It was estimated that they produced between 40% and 50% of Japanese combat aircraft and engines, such as the vital Mitsubishi A6M Zero fighter. The Nagoya area also produced machine tools, bearings, railway equipment, metal alloys, tanks, motor vehicles and processed foods during the war.

Air raids began on April 18, 1942, with an attack on a Mitsubishi Heavy Industries aircraft works, the Matsuhigecho oil warehouse, the Nagoya Castle military barracks and the Nagoya war industries plant.[10] The bombing continued through the spring of 1945, and included large-scale firebombing. Nagoya was the target of two of Bomber Command's attacks. These incendiary attacks, one by day and one by night, devastated 15.3 square kilometres (5.9 sq mi). The XXI Bomber Command established a new U.S. Army Air Force record with the greatest tonnage ever released on a single target in one mission—3,162 tons of incendiaries. It also destroyed or damaged twenty-eight of the numbered targets and raised the area burned to almost one-fourth of the entire city.[11][full citation needed] Nagoya Castle, which was being used as a military command post, was hit and mostly destroyed on May 14, 1945,[12] followed by the Yokkaichi bombing in June 1945. Reconstruction of the main building was completed in 1959. Later in the same year on July 26, 1945, the Enola Gay also dropped a conventional pumpkin bomb in the Yagoto area of Nagoya as part of a bombing raid in order to train for their mission to Hiroshima.[13] In 1959, the city was flooded and severely damaged by the Ise-wan Typhoon.

Contemporary period

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After the war the city was able to rebuild and take up its role again as one of the country's leading industrial and manufacturing centers, it became known as the "Houston and Montreal of the Orient". It also plays an increasing role in the meetings, incentives, conferencing, exhibitions (MICE) industry, hosting the Expo 2005 and the Nagoya Protocol conference in 2010.

Public services

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Police

[edit]
Aichi Prefectural Police
  • Atsuta Police Station
  • Chikusa Police Station
  • Higashi Police Station
  • Kita Police Station
  • Meito Police Station
  • Midori Police Station
  • Minami Police Station
  • Minato Police Station
  • Mizuho Police Station
  • Moriyama Police Station
  • Naka Police Station
  • Nakagawa Police Station
  • Nakamura Police Station
  • Nishi Police Station
  • Showa Police Station
  • Tenpaku Police Station

Firefighting

[edit]
Nagoya City Fire Bureau
  • Atsuta Fire Department
  • Chikusa Fire Department
  • Higashi Fire Department
  • Kita Fire Department
  • Meito Fire Department
  • Midori Fire Department
  • Minami Fire Department
  • Minato Fire Department
  • Mizuho Fire Department
  • Moriyama Fire Department
  • Naka Fire Department
  • Nakagawa Fire Department
  • Nakamura Fire Department
  • Nishi Fire Department
  • Showa Fire Department
  • Tenpaku Fire Department

Health care

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Hospital
  • Chubu Rosai Hospital
  • Social Insurance Chukyo Hospital
  • Nagoya City East Medical Center
  • Nagoya City West Medical Center
  • Nagoya City University Hospital
  • Nagoya Daiichi Red Cross Hospital
  • Nagoya Daini Red Cross Hospital
  • Nagoya Ekisaikai Hospital
  • Nagoya Memorial Hospital
  • Nagoya University Hospital
  • National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center

Post office

[edit]
  • Atsuta Post Office
  • Chikusa Post Office
  • Meito Post Office
  • Mizuho Post Office
  • Moriyama Post Office
  • Nagoya Central Post Office
  • Nagoya Higashi Post Office
  • Nagoya Jingu Post Office
  • Nagoya Kita Post Office
  • Nagoya Midori Post Office
  • Nagoya Minami Post Office
  • Nagoya Minato Post Office
  • Nagoya Naka Post Office
  • Nagoya Nishi Post Office
  • Nakagawa Post Office
  • Nakamura Post Office
  • Showa Post Office
  • Tenpaku Post Office

Library

[edit]
  • Aichi Prefectural Library
  • Nagoya City Library
  • Nagoya City Atsuta Library
  • Nagoya City Chikusa Library
  • Nagoya City Higashi Library
  • Nagoya City Kita Library
  • Nagoya City Kusunoki Library
  • Nagoya City Meito Library
  • Nagoya City Midori Library
  • Nagoya City Minami Library
  • Nagoya City Minato Library
  • Nagoya City Mizuho Library
  • Nagoya City Moriyama Library
  • Nagoya City Nakagawa Library
  • Nagoya City Nanyo Library
  • Nagoya City Nishi Library
  • Nagoya City Nakamura Library
  • Nagoya City Shidami Library
  • Nagoya City Tenpaku Library
  • Nagoya City Tokushige Library
  • Nagoya City Tomida Library
  • Nagoya City Tsuruma Library
  • Nagoya City Yamada Library

Playhouses and cultural facilities

[edit]
  • Aichi Arts Center
  • Atsuta Playhouse
  • Chikusa Playhouse
  • Chunichi Theatre
  • Higashi Playhouse
  • Kita Playhouse
  • Meito Playhouse
  • Midori Playhouse
  • Minami Playhouse
  • Minato Playhouse
  • Misono-za
  • Mizuho Playhouse
  • Moriyama Playhouse
  • Munetsugu Hall
  • Nagoya Citizens' Auditorium
  • Nagoya Noh Theater
  • Nakagawa Playhouse
  • Nakamura Playhouse
  • Nishi Playhouse
  • Osu Engeijo
  • Showa Playhouse
  • Shirakawa Hall
  • Tenpaku Playhouse
  • National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center
    National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center
  • JP Tower Nagoya (Nagoya central Post office)
    JP Tower Nagoya (Nagoya central Post office)
  • Aichi Prefectural Library
    Aichi Prefectural Library
  • Misono-za
    Misono-za

Sister cities

[edit]
See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Japan
Nagoya International Center

The Nagoya International Center promotes international exchange in the local community. It houses the U.S. Consulate Archived 2020-12-28 at the Wayback Machine on the 6th floor and the United Nations Centre for Regional Development (UNCRD) on the 7th floor.

Nagoya is twinned with:[14]

International

[edit]
Sister cities
City Country State Since
Los Angeles United States United States California April 1, 1959
Houston Texas May 20, 1963
Mexico City Mexico Mexico Mexico City February 16, 1978
Nanjing China China Jiangsu December 21, 1978
Sydney Australia Australia New South Wales September 16, 1980
Turin Italy Italy Piedmont May 27, 2005[15]
Reims France France Grand Est October 20, 2017

The sister city relationship with Nanjing, China was suspended on February 21, 2012,[16] following public comments by Nagoya mayor Takashi Kawamura denying the Nanking Massacre.[17]

Partner cities
City Country State Since
Taichung Taiwan Taiwan Special municipality October 25, 2019[18]
Tashkent Uzbekistan Uzbekistan Shahar December 18, 2019[19]
Melbourne Australia Australia Victoria TBA

National

[edit]
Partner city
City Prefecture region Since
Toyota Aichi Prefecture Aichi Chūbu region October 24, 1986
Nakatsugawa Gifu Prefecture Gifu Chūbu region October 24, 1986
Rikuzentakata Iwate Prefecture Iwate Tōhoku region October 28, 2014

Sister airport

[edit]

Nagoya Airfield's sister airport is:

Economy

[edit]
Main articles: Chūkyō Metropolitan Area, Chūkyō Industrial Area, and Greater Nagoya Initiative
Lexus LFA in Midland Square
Nagoya Castle and the Meieki district with skyscrapers (2018)
Nagoya Stock Exchange in the Isemachi district
The first MRJ prototype at Nagoya Airfield in Komaki (2015)
Brother Industries
Matsuzakaya
Nagoya Congress Center
Noritake

Nagoya is the center of Greater Nagoya, which earned nearly 70 percent of Japan's 2003 trade surplus.[20]

Automotive industry

[edit]

Nagoya's main industry is automotive. Toyota's luxury brand Lexus, Denso, Aisin Seiki Co., Toyota Industries, JTEKT and Toyota Boshoku have their headquarters in or near Nagoya. Mitsubishi Motors has an R&D division in the suburb of Okazaki. Major component suppliers such as Magna International and PPG also have a strong presence here. Spark plug maker NGK and Nippon Sharyo, known for manufacturing rolling stock including the Shinkansen are headquartered there.

Aviation industry

[edit]

The aviation history has historically been of importance since the industrialization. During the Second World War the Mitsubishi A6M Zero fighter was constructed in Nagoya. The aviation tradition continues with Mitsubishi Aircraft Corporation headquartered in the Nagoya Airfield's terminal building in Komaki. The Mitsubishi Regional Jet (MRJ) aircraft is produced at a factory adjacent to the airport.[21] The MRJ is a partnership between majority owner Mitsubishi Heavy Industries and Toyota[22] with design assistance from Toyota affiliate Subaru Corporation, already a manufacturer of aircraft. It is the first airliner designed and produced in Japan since the NAMC YS-11 of the 1960s.[23][24] The MRJ's first flight was on November 11, 2015.[25][26]

Ceramics

[edit]

Japanese pottery and porcelain has a long tradition due to suitable clay being available in Owari Province. Before and during the Edo period there were two main kilns in the region: Seto and Tokoname. In Nagoya Castle a type of oniwa-yaki (literally "garden ware") called Ofukei ware was produced by the feudal lord's court. Almost every feudal lord had his own oniwa-yaki, also to have gifts made. In the town itself Toyoraku ware and Sasashima ware Japanese tea utensils were made with refined tastes. Ofukei ware started under the first Owari lord Tokugawa Yoshinao and was interrupted once, but continued on until the end of the Edo period. It became widely known in Japan. The lord's taste in ceramics was also imitated by other Owari samurai, such as Hirasawa Kurō and Masaki Sōzaburō, who made their own pieces.

Toyoraku ware continued on until the Taishō era under the 8th generation. Colourful pieces and gorgeous tea utensils were highly valued. Sasashima ware also experienced its heyday during this time. Colourful and soft ceramic items such as sake and tea utensils and objects were produced and intently collected.

An early type of manufactured production was the blue-and-white Kawana ware. With the advent of industrialization during the Meiji era of the late 19th century, some export wares were produced. Industrial-scale export porcelain was made by old Noritake, also Nagoya E-tsuke (名古屋絵付) became popular.[27]

Production of industrial ceramics continues to be an important economic factor with companies such as INAX, NGK, and NGK Insulators.

Meetings, Incentives, Conferences, Exhibitions (MICE)

[edit]

The city has an increasing role in the meetings, incentives, conferencing, exhibitions (MICE) industry. It hosted in 1989 the World Design Expo (世界デザイン博覧会) for which the Nagoya Congress Center was constructed.[28] It hosted the Expo 2005 and the Nagoya Protocol conference in 2010, as well as the G20 Aichi-Nagoya Foreign Ministers' Meeting in November 2019, which was held at the Nagoya Kanko Hotel and Kawabun.[29][30]

Technology

[edit]

Mechanized puppets, called "karakuri ningyō", are a traditional craft from the area. Robot technology is another rapidly developing industry.

A materials engineering industry is developing.[31]

Brother Industries, which is known for office electronics such as multifunction printers is based in Nagoya, as is Hoshizaki Electric, which is known for commercial ice machines and refrigeration equipment. Many small machine tool and electronics companies are also based in the area.[32]

The World Expo 2005, also known as Aichi Expo was held near Nagoya in the neighboring cities of Nagakute and Seto from March 25 to September 25, 2005.

Retail

[edit]

Retail is of importance in the city. Traditional department stores with roots in Nagoya are Matsuzakaya, Maruei and the Meitetsu Department Store. Oriental Nakamura was bought by Mitsukoshi from Tokyo in 1977.

Arts and crafts

[edit]

The Owari province was historically well known for the cloisonné art form. The Ando Cloisonné Company continues the long tradition.

Others

[edit]

The confectionery company Marukawa is well known.

The city offers venues for conferences and congresses such as the Nagoya Congress Center and the Nagoya International Exhibition Hall.

Education

[edit]
The old Nagoya Court of Appeals building, today the city archive
Nagoya University campus in Higashiyama. The university has produced seven Nobel Prize laureates in science.
Nanzan University main campus, designed by renowned architect Antonin Raymond in the 1960s

Nagoya has mostly state-run primary and secondary schools. The area in the city limits includes international schools such as the Nagoya International School and Colégio Brasil Japão Prof. Shinoda Brazilian school.[33]

Universities

[edit]

State and private colleges and universities primarily located in the eastern area. Some Western-style institutions were founded early in the Meiji era, with more opening during the Taishō and Shōwa eras. Nagoya University was set up in 1871 as a medical school and has produced seven Nobel Prize laureates in science.[34] Nanzan University was established by the Roman Catholic Society of the Divine Word in 1932 as a high school and expanded to include Nanzan Junior College and the Nanzan Institute for Religion and Culture. The main campus was designed in the 1960s by the renowned architect Antonin Raymond. Some universities specialise in engineering and technology, such as Nagoya University Engineering school, Nagoya Institute of Technology and Toyota Technological Institute; these universities receive support and grants from companies such as Toyota.

Other colleges and universities include: Aichi Prefectural College of Nursing & Health, Aichi Shukutoku Junior College, Aichi Toho University, Chukyo University, Daido University, Doho University, Kinjo Gakuin University, Kinjo Gakuin University Junior College, Meijo University, Nagoya City University, Nagoya College of Music, Nagoya Future Culture College, Nagoya Gakuin University, Nagoya Management Junior College, Nagoya Women's University, St. Mary's College, Nagoya, Sugiyama Jogakuen University, Sugiyama Jogakuen University Junior College, Tokai Gakuen Women's College. Various universities from outside Nagoya have set up satellite campuses, such as Tokyo University of Social Welfare.

The Hōsa Library dates to the 17th century and houses 110,000 items, including books of classic literature such as historic editions of The Tale of Genji that are an heirloom of the Owari Tokugawa and were bequeathed to the city. The Nagoya City Archives store a large collection of documents and books. Tsuruma Central Library is a public library and Nagoya International Center has a collection of foreign-language books.

National Universities
Prefectural University
Private Universities

Transport

[edit]
Further information: Transport in Greater Nagoya
Chubu Centrair International Airport, constructed on an artificial island
Tokaido Shinkansen
Meitetsu's μSky Limited Express
Nagoya Subway
Nagoya Expressway & Mei-Nikan Expressway（Kusunoki JCT）
Meiko Triton Bridge
Map of Nagoya Subway system (does not include JR Central lines)

Airways

[edit]

Airport

[edit]

Nagoya is served by Chubu Centrair International Airport (NGO), built on an artificial island in Tokoname. The airport has international flights and a high volume of domestic flights.

A second airport is Nagoya Airfield (Komaki Airport, NKM) near the city's boundary with Komaki and Kasugai. On February 17, 2005, Nagoya Airport's commercial international flights moved to Centrair Airport. Nagoya Airfield is now used for general aviation and as an airbase and is the main Fuji Dream Airlines hub.

Railways

[edit]

Nagoya Station, the world's largest train station by floor area, is on the Tōkaidō Shinkansen line, the Tōkaidō Main Line, and the Chūō Main Line, among others. JR Central, which operates the Tōkaidō Shinkansen, has its headquarters there. Meitetsu is also based in Nagoya, and along with Kintetsu provides regional rail service to the Tōkai and Kansai regions.

High-speed rail

[edit]
JR Central

Conventional lines

[edit]
JR Central

Subways

[edit]

Nagoya Subway provides urban transit service.

Buses

[edit]

Several private and public bus companies operate with of routes throughout the region. Most local bus routes complement existing rail service to form an effective intermodal transit network.

Roads

[edit]
The Kilometre Zero of Nagoya

Expressways

[edit]

Japan National Route

[edit]

Seaways

[edit]

Seaport

[edit]

Nagoya Port is the largest port by international trade value in Japan. Toyota Motor Corporation exports via this port.

Nagoya is known for its orderly grid street plan for which the shōgun Tokugawa Ieyasu is ultimately responsible.[35]

Sightseeing

[edit]
Tokugawa Garden

Nagoya's two most famous sightseeing spots are Atsuta Shrine and Nagoya Castle.[36]

  • Atsuta Shrine is the second-most venerable shrine in Japan, after Ise Grand Shrine. It is said to hold the Kusanagi sword, one of the three imperial regalia of Japan, but it is not on public display. It holds around 70 festivals per year. The shrine hosts over 4,400 national treasures that span its 2,000 year history.
  • Nagoya Castle was built in 1612. Although a large part of it burned down during the Pacific War, the castle was restored in 1959, adding amenities such as elevators. The castle is famous for two magnificent Golden tiger-headed carp (金の鯱, Kin no Shachihoko) on the roof, often used as the symbol of Nagoya.

Other attractions include:

[edit]

Surrounding area

[edit]

Nagoya is a starting point for visits to the surrounding area, such as Inuyama, Little World Museum of Man, Meiji Mura, Tokoname, Himakajima, Tahara, Toyohashi and Toyokawa and Hamamatsu. Reachable with at most a two-hour journey are Gifu, Gujo Hachiman, Gifu, Ise Shrine, Takayama, Gifu, Gero Onsen and the hill stations in the Kiso Valley Magome and Tsumago.

Culture

[edit]

Nagoya was a major trading city and political seat of the Owari lords, the most important house of the Tokugawa clan. They encouraged trade and the arts under their patronage, especially Tokugawa Muneharu, the 7th lord, who took a keen interest in drama and plays and lived lavishly. Under his rule, actors and actresses began to visit Nagoya. Arts and culture was further supported by the city's wealthy merchants. Culture flourished after the feudal Edo period and the beginning of the Meiji era. During the Pacific War many old buildings and artefacts were destroyed. The region's economic and financial power in the post-war years rekindled the artistic and cultural scene.

  • The Tokugawa Art Museum, which houses some of the finest art treasures of Japan
    The Tokugawa Art Museum, which houses some of the finest art treasures of Japan
  • Textile Machinery Pavilion in the Toyota Commemorative Museum of Industry and Technology
    Textile Machinery Pavilion in the Toyota Commemorative Museum of Industry and Technology
  • SCMaglev and Railway Park
    SCMaglev and Railway Park
  • Nagoya City Science Museum
    Nagoya City Science Museum
  • Aichi Arts Center in Sakae
    Aichi Arts Center in Sakae
  • Tsutsui-chō/Dekimachi tennōsai
    Tsutsui-chō/Dekimachi tennōsai
  • Nagoya matsuri
    Nagoya matsuri
  • Arimatsu autumn festival
    Arimatsu autumn festival
  • Daidō-chōnin Matsuri in Ōsu
    Daidō-chōnin Matsuri in Ōsu
  • The Nagoya obi, the most popular type for kimono throughout Japan
    The Nagoya obi, the most popular type for kimono throughout Japan

Museums

[edit]

Nagoya has multiple museums, including traditional and modern art, handicrafts to industrial high-tech, natural and scientific museums.

Nagoya Castle's collection is from the Owari Tokugawa era. The main tower is a museum that details the history of the castle and the city. The Honmaru Palace, destroyed in the Pacific War, was reconstructed in 2018;[40] it is a prime example of the Shoin-zukuri architecture of the feudal era. Tokugawa Art Museum is a private museum belonging to the Owari Tokugawa, who lived in Nagoya castle for 16 generations. Among other things, it contains 10 designated national Treasures of Japan, including some of the oldest scrolls of The Tale of Genji.[41] The Nagoya Noh Theatre houses various precious objects of Noh theatre. The Nagoya City Museum showcases the history of the town.

Yōki-sō is a villa and gardens located in Chikusa-ku, close to Nittai-ji. It was constructed in the Taishō era for Ito Jirozaemon Suketami XV, the first president of Matsuzakaya.

Paintings and sculpture are exhibited at the Nagoya City Art Museum. Modern art is displayed at the Aichi Arts Center. The Aichi Arts Center also is the venue of rotating exhibitions. The city is also home to the Nagoya/Boston Museum of Fine Arts, a sister museum to the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, which was founded to bring aspects of the MFA's collection to Japan.

The art of porcelain and ceramics can be seen at the Noritake Garden. Toyota has two museums in the city, the Toyota Automobile Museum which shows vintage cars, and the Toyota Commemorative Museum of Industry and Technology, which showcases company history, including its start as a textile mill.

The Nagoya City Tram & Subway Museum has trams and subway cars, as well as the Nagoya City Science Museum. The SCMaglev and Railway Park opened in March 2011 with various trains from the Central Japan Railway Company.

Other art museums in Aichi prefecture are the Aichi Prefectural Ceramic Museum and the Toyota Municipal Museum of Art. Meiji Mura is an open-air museum with salvaged buildings from the Meiji, Taishō and Showa eras. Another museum in Nagoya is the Mandolin Melodies Museum.

Other museums in the city include the International Design Centre Nagoya, the Japan Spinning Top Museum and the Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ Money Museum.

The civic authorities promote tourism and have taken steps to safeguard architectural heritage by earmarking them as cultural assets. Apart from the castle, temples, shrines and museums in the city, a "Cultural Path" was instituted in the 1980s, located between the Tokugawa Art Museum and Nagoya Castle. This residential area has historic buildings such as the Nagoya City Archives, the Nagoya City Hall main building, the Aichi Prefectural Office main building, the Futaba Museum, the former residence of Sasuke Toyoda, the former residence of Tetsujiro Haruta and the Chikaramachi Catholic Church. Most buildings date from the Meiji and Taishō era and are protected.

Theatres

[edit]

Nō and Kyōgen theatre date back to the feudal times of the Owari Tokugawa lords. The Nagoya Noh Theater at Nagoya Castle continues that tradition and is a prominent feature in the cultural life of the city, with monthly performances.

Developed during the Edo period, one of Japan's kabuki grand stages is Misono-za, which also hosts various other Japanese entertainment such as concerts.

In 1912, the musician Gorō Morita invented the Nagoya harp music instrument.

In 1992, the large, modern Aichi Arts Center was opened in Sakae. It is the main venue for performing arts, featuring a main hall that can be used for opera and theatre and a concert hall. The Nagoya Philharmonic Orchestra performs there, as well as many visiting guest orchestras.

Ikebana

[edit]

Ishida-ryū (石田流) is a school of Ikebana, or Japanese floral art. It was founded in 1922 and is headquartered in Nagoya.

Festivals

[edit]

Apart from the main national festivals and holidays, other festivals in Nagoya are unique to the city/region.

Major events include the June Atsuta Festival, the July Port Festival, the August Nagoya Castle Summer Festival Castle and the October Nagoya Festival. Wards and areas host local festivals such as the Daidō-chōnin Matsuri (大須大道町人祭, Street Performer's Festival) in Ōsu.

Dialect

[edit]

The Nagoya dialect (名古屋弁, Nagoya-ben) is spoken in the western half of Aichi Prefecture, centering on Nagoya. It is also called Owari dialect (尾張弁, Owari-ben). The Nagoya dialect is relatively close to standard Japanese and to the Kansai dialect, differing in pronunciation and vocabulary.

Handicrafts

[edit]

The industry of Japanese handicrafts in the city is centuries old.

  • Arimatsu and Narumi dye: during the construction of Nagoya Castle in the 17th century, the lords of Owari called in skilled craftsmen from Bungo Province in Kyushu, known for their tie-dyed fabrics. These craftsmen and their families were treated generously by the Owari and settled in the Arimatsu und Narumi neighbourhoods. Only the base fabric is dyed, leaving parts that were knotted as white spots. This highly specialised process requires 6–12 months to complete.
  • Geta clog straps: wooden clogs called geta were the shoes of the feudal era. The Owari devised a unique pattern for the cotton straps of the clogs and ordered them to be made by local weavers. The technique has developed over the generations. The straps became stronger and more resilient but more comfortable for the feet with the discovery of cotton velvet.
  • Shippo: the technique for enamelware called shippo arrived from the Netherlands towards the end of the Edo period. The patterns appear almost transparent and are often used on pottery.
  • Candles: wax is taken from a wax tree and painted around a rope made of grass and Japanese paper (washi) over and over again into layers. When cut in half, the candle looks as if it grew like a tree with rings. Japanese candles produce less smoke and are harder to blow out, since the wick tends to be larger. Artists paint the candles in coloured patterns.
  • Yuzen: the art of silk dyeing was introduced by craftsmen from Kyoto during the rule of Owari Togukawa. The initial designs were extravagant and brightly coloured, but over time became more muted and light-coloured.
  • Sekku Ningyo: festival dolls were introduced by markets during the Meiji era. Nagoya craftsmen rank among the top producers.
  • The city also gave its name to a type of obi, the sash that is used to tie a kimono. The term Nagoya obi can refer to an older type of obi used centuries ago. This type was cord-like.[42] The current Nagoya obi (名古屋帯?) – or to differentiate from the fukuro Nagoya obi, also called kyūsun Nagoya obi (九寸名古屋帯?, "nine-inch nagoya obi") – is the most-used obi type today. It was developed by a seamstress living in Nagoya at the end of the 1920s. The new, easy-to-use obi gained popularity among Tokyo's geisha, from whom it then was adopted by fashionable city women for their everyday wear. The Nagoya obi was originally for everyday wear, not for ceremonial outfits, but one made from exquisite brocade can be accepted as semi-ceremonial wear. A more formal version is called the Fukuro Nagoya obi (袋名古屋帯?) or hassun Nagoya obi (八寸名古屋帯?, "eight-inch Nagoya obi"), which is more formal.[43]
  • Japanese pottery and porcelain has a long tradition due to suitable clay being available in Owari Province. Seto ware and Tokoname ware are from the region. In the town itself Ofukei ware, Toyoraku ware, Sasashima ware and Kawana ware were produced.
  • Netsuke artists such as Tametaka and Ikkan were well known during the Edo period.[44][45]

Cuisine

[edit]

The city and the region are known for their unique local Nagoya cuisine (名古屋めし, Nagoya meshi). Dishes include:

  • Tebasaki: chicken wings marinated in a sweet sauce with sesame seeds, basically a type of yakitori
  • Tenmusu: a rice ball wrapped with nori that is filled with deep-fried tempura shrimp[46]
  • Kishimen: flat udon noodles with a slippery texture, dipped in a light soy sauce soup and a sliced leek or other flavouring added. It can be eaten cold or hot.
  • Red miso: various dishes that use red miso, such as miso katsu (pork cutlet) with sweet miso sauce and miso nikomi udon (hard udon stewed in miso soup)
  • Hitsumabushi: rice dish with unagi in a lidded wooden container. This dish is enjoyed three ways; as unadon, with spice and as chazuke.
  • Miso nikomi udon: Firmer texture udon noodles. It is served in a Donabe pot and it usually arrives still bubbling and steaming hot at the table.
Cuisine
  • Tebasaki
    Tebasaki
  • Kishimen, a local specialty
    Kishimen, a local specialty
  • Red misokatsu
    Red misokatsu
[edit]

The world premiere of the first Godzilla movie was in Nagoya on October 27, 1954.[47] The city, especially Nagoya Castle, has been featured in two other Godzilla movies: Mothra vs. Godzilla and Godzilla vs. Mothra. The city is also featured in Gamera vs. Gyaos and is the main setting of 2003 film Gozu. The 1995 film The Hunted starring Christopher Lambert and the 1992 film Mr. Baseball starring Tom Selleck were also filmed in the city.

The city was the setting for the 2007 movie Ashita e no yuigon (translated as Best Wishes for Tomorrow), in which a Japanese war criminal sets out to take responsibility for the execution of U.S. airmen.[48] The anime The Wind Rises by Hayao Miyazaki, released in 2013, is a highly fictionalized biography of the Mitsubishi A6M Zero's chief engineer Jiro Horikoshi and takes mostly place in Nagoya of the 1920s and 1930s.[49][50] Nagoya is also the setting for the manga and anime series Yatogame-chan Kansatsu Nikki, which highlights many of the sites and traditions of the city.

Haruki Murakami called Nagoya "another world" (異界, ikai) in the book "Tokyo Surume Club: Chikyuu no Hagurekata".

Sports

[edit]
The Chunichi Dragons are one of Japan's strongest baseball teams.

Nagoya is home to several professional sports teams:

Club Sport League Venue Established
Chunichi Dragons Baseball NPB (Ce.League) Nagoya Dome, Nagoya Stadium 1936
Toyota Verblitz Rugby League ONE Paloma Mizuho Rugby Stadium, Toyota Stadium 1941
Nagoya Diamond Dolphins Basketball B.League Aichi Prefectural Gymnasium, Nagoya Higashi sport center 1950
Toyotsu Fighting Eagles Nagoya Basketball B.League Biwajima Sports Center 1957
Wolf Dogs Nagoya Volleyball V.LEAGUE TOYODA GOSEI Memorial Gymnasium (ENTRIO) 1961
Daido Steel Phenix Handball JHL Daido Steel Hoshizaki Gym 1964
Daido Steel Red Star Volleyball V.LEAGUE Daido Steel Hoshizaki Gym 1968
Nagoya Cyclones American football X-League Nagoya Minato Stadium 1980
Nagoya Frater Field hockey Hockey Japan League Shōnai Greens Park 1985
Nagoya Grampus Football J.League Mizuho Athletic Stadium, Toyota Stadium 1993
Nagoya Oceans Futsal F.League Takeda Teva Ocean Arena 2006

In 2007, the Chunichi Dragons won the Japan Series baseball championship. In 2010, Nagoya Grampus won the J. League championship, their first in team history. Nagoya is also the home of the Nagoya Barbarians semi-pro rugby football club.

A honbasho sumo tournament is held every July at the Aichi Prefectural Gymnasium. The city has hosted The Crowns golf tournament since 1960 and the women's Nagoya Marathon since 1984.

In September 2016 the city was awarded the right to host the 2026 Asian Games after it was the only city to lodge a bid. It will be the third time Japan hosts the event after Tokyo in 1958 and Hiroshima in 1994.[51]

The city hosted the official 1979 Asian Basketball Championship. Later, it became one of the host cities of the official Women's Volleyball World Championship for its 1998, 2006 and 2010 editions.

Notable people

[edit]

Historical figures

[edit]
Minamoto no Yoritomo, born in Nagoya

Minamoto no Yoritomo was the first shōgun of the Kamakura shogunate. His family had roots as the high priests of Atsuta Shrine and he was born in the family villa what is Seigan-ji today.

The three samurais who unified Japan in the 16th century all have strong links to Nagoya:

The three samurais who unified Japan in the 16th century
  • Oda Nobunaga was born according to legend in Nagoya Castle.
    Oda Nobunaga was born according to legend in Nagoya Castle.
  • Toyotomi Hideyoshi, known as Japan's second "great unifier"
    Toyotomi Hideyoshi, known as Japan's second "great unifier"
  • Tokugawa Ieyasu
    Tokugawa Ieyasu

Other samurai include:

Inventors and industrialists

[edit]

Executive officers

[edit]

Writers

[edit]

Scientists

[edit]
  • Leonor Michaelis (1875–1949) German and American biochemist known for development of enzyme kinetics worked in Nagoya from 1922 to 1926[52]
  • Tsuneko Okazaki (born 1933) pioneer of molecular biology known for her work on DNA replication

Performing artists of Japan

[edit]

Musicians and composers

[edit]
Musicians and composers

Actors

[edit]
Actors

Athletes

[edit]
Athletes

Manga artists

[edit]

References

[edit]
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  47. ^ Ryfle & Godziszewski 2017, p. 104.
  48. ^ Nagoya at IMDb Edit this at Wikidata
  49. ^ Cangialosi, Jason. "Miyazaki's 'The Wind Rises' Ignites Debate & Japanese Box-Office". Yahoo! Voices. Archived from the original on 27 July 2014. Retrieved 15 August 2013.
  50. ^ UK, The Huffington Post (9 May 2014). "EXCLUSIVE: Hayao Miyazaki On Rising For His Final Film". huffingtonpost.co.uk. Retrieved 12 April 2017.
  51. ^ "Games-Nagoya, Aichi prefecture to host 2026 Asian Games". Asahi Shimbun. 25 September 2016. Archived from the original on 27 September 2016. Retrieved 28 September 2016.
  52. ^ Nagatsu, T. (2013). "In memory of Professor Leonor Michaelis in Nagoya: Great contributions to biochemistry in Japan in the first half of the 20th century". FEBS Lett. 587 (17): 2721–2724. doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2013.04.020. PMID 23628780. S2CID 39818440.

Bibliography

[edit]
See also: Timeline of Nagoya § Bibliography
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to 名古屋市.
Wikisource has the text of the 1920 Encyclopedia Americana article Nagoya.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Nagoya.
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